Volume 2

The new complete dictionary of arts and sciences; or, an universal system of useful knowledge. The theological, philosophical, critical, and poetical branches / by the Rev. Erasmus Middleton ... the medicinal, chemical, and anatomical, by William Turnbull ... the gardening and botanical, by Thomas Ellis ... the mathematical, etc. by John Davison.

Date:
1778
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The new complete dictionary of arts and sciences; or, an universal system of useful knowledge. The theological, philosophical, critical, and poetical branches / by the Rev. Erasmus Middleton ... the medicinal, chemical, and anatomical, by William Turnbull ... the gardening and botanical, by Thomas Ellis ... the mathematical, etc. by John Davison. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    a man’s door yellow, and ftrew his houfe with fait; to decU'e him traitor to his king. YELLOWS, a dileafe in a liorfe, much the fame with that called jaundice in man. There are two kinds of it, the yellow and the black. The yellows is a very frequent diforder, fay the far¬ riers, arifing from obftru&ions in the gall-pipe, or the little duCts opening into the fame, occalioned by vifcid or gritty matters lodged therein, or a plenitude and compreffion of the neighbouring blood-veffels; by means whereof, the matter that Ihould be turned into gall, is taken up by the vein, and carried back into the rnafs of blood, which it tin Glares yellow ; Co that the eyes, infide of the lips, and other parts of the mouth capable of fhewing the colour, appear yellow. The effeCt whereof is, that a horle will be dull, heavy, and low-fpirited ; ealily jaded by the lead labour or ex- ercife, &c. YEOMAN, the firfl or higheft degree among the plebians of England, next in order to the gentry. The yeomen are properly freeholders, who having land of their own, live on good hufbandry. Yeoman, is alio a title of office in the king’s houf- liold, of a middle place or rank between an ulher and a groom. Yeomen of the Guard, were anciently two hundred and fifty men of the bell rank under gentry, and of larger ftature than ordinary, each being required to be fix feet high. At prefent there are but one hundred yeomen in conftant duty, and feventy more not in duty; and as any of the hundred dies, his place is fupplied out of the feventy. YERKING, in the menage, is when a horfe ftrikes with his hind legs, or flings and kicks back with his whole hind quarters; flretching out the two legs nearly together, and even to their full extent. YEST, Yeast, or Barm, a head or fcum rifing upon beer or ale, while working or fermenting in the vat. It is ufed for a leaven or ferment in the baking of bread, as ferving to fwell or puff it up very confiderably in a little time, and to make it much lighter, fofter, and more delicate. When there is too much of it, it renders the bread bitter. YEW-TREE, Taxus, in botany. Yew, is alfo a term ufed by the falt-workers of Li- mington, and fome other parts of England, to exprefs the firfl rifing of a fcum upon the brine in boiling. YIELDING and paying, a law phrafe, formed by corruption from the Saxon geldan, or gildan, to pay. Hence, in Domefday, gildare is frequently ufed for folvere, reddere; the Saxon G being eafily converted into a Y. YNCA, Yncan, or Inca, an appellation anciently given to the kings of Peru, and the princes of their blood ; the word fignifying, literally, lord, king, empe¬ ror, and royal blood. The king himfelf was particularly called capack ynca, i. e. great lord. His wife, pallas, and the princes limply, ynca’s. Thefe ynca’s, before the arrival of the Spaniards, were exceeding powerful. Their people revered them to excefs, as believing them to be the fons of the fun, and never to have committed any fault. If any perfon of¬ fended the royal majefty in the final left matter, the city he belonged to was totally demolifhed. When they travelled, whatever chamber they lay in on the road, was walled up as foon as they departed, that no body might ever enter in after them. The like was done to the room wherein the king died; in which, Y Q^U tikfewife, all the gold, filver, and precious furniture were immured, and a new apartment built for his fuc- ceffor. His beloved wives, dornefticks, &c. likewife facri- ficcd themfelves, and were buried alive in the lame tomb along with him. See the hiftory of the Yncas, by Garcilaffo de la Vega. _ YOAK, orY oke, in agriculture, a frame of wood, fitted over the necks of oxen, whereby they are coupled together, and harnefled to the plough. Yoak. of Land, in our ancient cufloms, was the fpace which a yoak or a pair of oxen may plough in a day. oea- Yo a k. W hen the fea is lo rough that the helm cannot be governed by the hands, the feamen make a yoak to fleer by, that is, they fix two blocks to the end of the helm, and reeving two fmail ropes through them, which they call falls, by having fome men at each tackle, they govern the helm by direction. They have another way of making a fea-yoak, by taking a double turn about the end of the helm with a Angle rope, the ends being laid to the flfip’s fides, by means whereof they guide the helm. YOIDES, orHyoiDEs, in anatomy, a bone fituate at the root of the tongue, and compofed of divers little bones, united by cartilages which fometimes offify. It is not contiguous to the extremity of any other bone, nor has any articulation with them : on which, account, it is not ffiewn in the Ikeletons. Its u'e is to fortify the bafe or root of the tongue, and facilitate the paffage of the air into the trachea, and the food mto the gullet. It has five pair of mufcles, which move it together with the tongue. YOLK, or Yelk, Vitellus, the yellow part in the middle of an egg. See Egg. The chicken is formed out of and nouriffied by the white alone, till it be grown to fome bulk : after which, the yolklerves it for nouriffiment; which it likewife does, in part, after it is hatched. For a good part of the yolk remains after exclufion; being received into the chicken’s belly ; and being there referved, as in a ftore-houfe, is by the du&us inteftinalis, as by a funnel, conveyed into the guts, and ferves inftead of milk. fViUugh. Urr.ithoL Lib. 1. c. 3. This was even known to Pliny : Ipfum animal ex alboliquore ovi corporetur: cibusejus in luteo eft. Lib. X. c. 53. YOUNG in the army, that regiment, or officer, is faid to be the younger, junior, which was laft raffed, or wliofe commiffion is of lateft date, whatever be the ace of the man, or however long he may have ferved in other capacities. YOUNKERS, among Tailors, are the younger Tailors, otherwife called foremaft-men ; whofe bufinefs is to take in the top-fails, furl the fails, fling the yards, &c. YPSILOIDES, in anatomy, the third genuine future of the cranium, thus called from its refembling a Greek T uplilon. YQUETAYA, in natural hiftory, a plant in Brafil, long ufed as a medicine in that country ; and lately dif- covered to the Europeans by a French furgeon. It has been fince found in France, where, being culti¬ vated and examined by M.. Marchant, it appears to be a kind of fcrophulary, or blood-nettle. It has this remarkable property, that it takes away from ferina all its tafte and fmell; winch property of cor¬ recting the infufion of fenna, was unknown in the fero- ffiulary. To uffc this plant, it muft be dried ten or twelve days in thelhade, and afterwards expofed to the fun, till quite dry.