Nepal; Kathmandu Valley, children of Bhaktapur, 1986. Three children stand in Durbar Square. The little boy has genu valgum (knock knees). In the mid-1980s, nearly half of all Nepalese children died before reaching the age of 5, and life expectancy at birth was 51 years for men and 50 years for women. Conditions associated with poor hygiene and sanitation, including gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhoea, and parasitic infestation, were common.