Self-instruction for young gardeners, foresters, bailiffs, land-stewards, and farmers; in arithmetic and bookkeeping, geometry, mensuration, and practical trigonometry, mechanics, hydrostatics, and hydraulics, land-surveying, levelling, planning, and mapping, architectural drawing, and isometrical projection and perspective: with examples, showing their application to horticultural and agricultural purposes / By the late J.C. Louden. With a memoir of the author [by Mrs. Loudon].

  • Loudon, J. C. (John Claudius), 1783-1843.
Date:
1845
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Self-instruction for young gardeners, foresters, bailiffs, land-stewards, and farmers; in arithmetic and bookkeeping, geometry, mensuration, and practical trigonometry, mechanics, hydrostatics, and hydraulics, land-surveying, levelling, planning, and mapping, architectural drawing, and isometrical projection and perspective: with examples, showing their application to horticultural and agricultural purposes / By the late J.C. Louden. With a memoir of the author [by Mrs. Loudon]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    any number divided by will be nine times greater than the quotient of the same number divided by 7. There¬ fore we multiply by 9, and obtain |-J-. If the divisor and dividend have the same denominator, it is sufficient to divide the numerators. Ex. ~ divided by quotes 4. The foregoing rule may be extended to every case by reducing integers and mixed numbers to the form of im- proper fractions. We shall add some directions for short¬ ening the operation when integers and mixed numbers are concerned. 1st. When the dividend is an integer, multiply it by the denominator of the divisor, and divide the product by the numerator. Hitherto we have considered the fractions as abstract numbers, and laid down the necessary rules accordingly. We now proceed to apply these to practice. Shillings and pence may be considered as fractions of pounds; and lower denominations of any kind as fractions of higher ; and any operation, where different denominations occur, may be wrought by expressing the lower ones in one form of vulgar fractions, and proceeding by the following rules. For this purpose the two following problems are necessary : — Problem V. To reduce lower Denominations to Frac¬ tions of higher. Rule. Place the given number for the numerator, and the value of the higher for the denominator. Examples. 1. Reduce Id. to the fraction of a shilling. Ans. T77. 2. Reduce Id. to the fraction of a pound. Ans. 3. Reduce 15s. Id. to the fraction of a pound. Ans. |f£.