An American text-book of surgery : for practitioners and students / By Phineas S. Conner, M.D., Frederic S. Dennis, M.D., William W. Keen, M.D., Charles B. Nancrede, M.D., Roswell Park, M.D., Lewis S. Pilcher, M.D., Nicholas Senn, M.D., Francis J. Shepherd, M.D., Lewis A. Stimson, M.D., J. Collins Warren, M.D., and J. William White, M.D. Ed. by William W. Keen and J. William White.

  • Keen, William W. (William Williams), 1837-1932.
Date:
1899
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: An American text-book of surgery : for practitioners and students / By Phineas S. Conner, M.D., Frederic S. Dennis, M.D., William W. Keen, M.D., Charles B. Nancrede, M.D., Roswell Park, M.D., Lewis S. Pilcher, M.D., Nicholas Senn, M.D., Francis J. Shepherd, M.D., Lewis A. Stimson, M.D., J. Collins Warren, M.D., and J. William White, M.D. Ed. by William W. Keen and J. William White. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University Libraries/Information Services, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University.

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    AN AMERICAN TEXT-BOOK OF SURGERY. *BOOK I. GEJYERAL SURGERY. CHAPTER I. SUEGICAL BACTERIOLOGY. Bacteria or micro-organisms, or microbes, as they are variously called, belong to the lowest order of the vegetable kingdom, and are closely allied to the algae. They derive their name from j^axrijpiov, a rod, which some of them resemble in shape. The developed organism is, in form, a cell, consisting of a membrane enclosing a protoplasm. This protoplasm can be strongly stained by aniline dyes. The membrane, with difficulty separated from the contents, consists of a substance closely allied to cellulose. There is a gelatinous intercellular substance present in varying amounts and at times forming a distinct demonstrable capsule surrounding the microorgan- ism. During the process of division this holds the organisms together, and as they multiply may form the zooglea or glue-like mass in which they are sometimes grouped. Many bacterial growths are highly colored, being red, yellow, or blue; according to some observers, the coloring-matter is in the protoplasm; according to others, it lies in granules which have been exuded —both observations are true. Many bacilli and spirilla have the power of motion, which is attained either by means of flagella or by serpentine move- ments of the protoplasm. Micrococci and some bacilli, as the bacilli of tuberculosis and of anthrax, have no motility. The principal forms of bacteria are the micrococcus or globular form (xoxxoc, a berry), the bacillus or staff shape (bacillus, a little rod or staff), and spirillum or spiral shape. The micrococci, when developing rapidly, are seen often in the stage of division, and, being grouped in pairs, are called diplococci. When arranged in rows or chains they are called streptococci (azpsTZTO^, a chain); when bunched together in grape-like masses they are called staphylococci {(rraifuhj, a bunch of grapes). Bacterial forms undergo no essential changes, although under differing conditions of soil, warmth, and moisture they may have an altered appearance. They multiply by fission, the