Osteology : a concise description of the human skeleton, adapted for the use of students in medicine / by Arthur Trehern Norton.

  • Norton, Arthur T. (Arthur Trehern), 1841-1912.
Date:
1874
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Osteology : a concise description of the human skeleton, adapted for the use of students in medicine / by Arthur Trehern Norton. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    THE THORAX. The thorax, a conical space bounded in the median line anteriorly by the sternum, in the median line poste- riorly by the bodies of the dorsal vertebra), laterally by the ribs and their cartilages. The upper or cervical aperture is bounded by the tirst dorsal ver- tebra, the first rib and its cartilage, and the upper border of the manu- brium. The lower or abdominal aperture, muc h the larger, is bounded by the xyphoid cartilage, the 7th, 8th, 9th 10th, and the extremities oi the 11th and 12th costal cartilages, the lower margin of the last rib, and the 12th dorsal vertebra. THE RIBS. 1 Head presenting two facets for articulation with two dorsal verte- bras: the ridge separating the facets attaches an interarticular 2 NeckTf'the rib : it attaches the anterior costo-transverse ligament by its superior margin, and by its posterior surface the middle costo transverse ligament. _ 3 Tubercle of the rib, articidates by - ' a facet with the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebra with which it is connected, and by a rough marking gives attachment to the posterior costo-transverse ligament. . . , 4 Angle of the rib, between which and the tubercle parts of the erector spinffi take both origin and insertion. 5 Groove of the rib, the two margins ' of which attach the external and the internal intercostal muscles. 6 Superior border attaches both ex- ternal and internal intercostals. 7 Concavity for the reception ot the costal extremity of the costal car- tilage. FIRST RIB. 1. Head with one facet only. 2 Neck, does not attach an anterior costo transverse ligament. 3 Tubercle. , 4. 0 Scalenus medius, from a rough line or groove upon the posterior third of the upper surface. 5 Tubercle, and rough line extending ' from it forwards and outwards, tor the origin of the scalenus anticua muBcle. 6. Groove running forwards and out- wards behind the scalenus anticus muscle for the subclavian artery. V 0 Subclavius muscle from the upper surface of the rib at its junction with the costal cartilage. 8. Articulation with first costal car- tilage. THE PELVIS. 1. Sacrum. 2. Ala of ilium, and 0. internal iliac muscle. 3. Body of fifth lumbar vertebra. The brim of the true pelvis, or separa- tion from the false pelvis is formed by: 4. Horizontal ramus of pubes, 5. Ilio pectineal eminence, 6. Ilio pectineal line, 7. Sacro-iliac synchondrosis. The superior aperture of the true pelvis in the male is larger from before backwards than from side to side, but the reverse in the female, and its plane is such that its axis would be in a line drawn from the umbilicus to the tip ot the coccyx. The inferior aperture ot the true pelvis is very irregular, owing to the greater and lesser sciatic notches and to the downward projection ot the coccyx, but it is rendered more even in outline, and smaller in size, by the ereater and lesser sacro-sciatic ligaments which extend from the sides of the Bacrum and coccyx to the tuberosity and to the spine of the ischium. Its plane is such that its axis hes m a hue drawn from the promontory ot the sacrum through a point midway be- tween the tuberosities of the ischia Differences of the female pelvis. More delicately formed ; of larger di- mensions, particularly from side to, side; aire of ilia more shallow but extended in width; brim oval and larger from side to side than from before back- wards j pubic arch larger, broader, Tooth and shelving on its posterior aTpect, rounded at the symphysis pubb obturator foramen triangular; Lrum shorter, broader, ™~ <*™*' coccyx more movable; cavity not so deep. 8. Spine of pubes. 9. Line for the attachment of G-mi- bernat's ligament. 10. Crest of pubes. 11 Groove for the tendon of the obtu- rator externus muscle. 12. Acetabulum.