Theoretical organic chemistry / by Julius B. Cohen.

  • Cohen, Julius B. (Julius Berend), 1859-1935.
Date:
1912
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Theoretical organic chemistry / by Julius B. Cohen. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    poison. The substance is represented by the formula — HC HC H2C C-HC CH CH Xi2 CH5 CH, NCIL N following Atropine, C17H23N03. is a constituent of deadly nightshade {Airop a belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and thorn- apple (.Datura strammonium), in which it is associated with hyoscy amine, hy os cine, and several other alkaloids. The ex¬ tracted juice is mixed with caustic potash and shaken up with chloroform. The chloroform solution of the alkaloids is evaporated, and the residue extracted with dilute sulphuric acid, which dissolves the atropine as the sulphate, from which the base is precipitated by alkalis. Atropine crystallises in prisms, which melt at 1150. It is a strong base and forms well-defined salts. Atropine sulphate is used in ophthalmic cases for dilating the pupil of the eye. It is a strong poison. When hydrolysed it breaks up into a base, tropine, and an acid, tropic acid— Cl7H23N03 + H20 = CgH^NO + C9H10O3. Atropine. Tropine. Tropic acid. When tropic chloride is combined with tropine, atropine is;- regenerated. Other acids may replace tropic acid, and the: various compounds thus obtained are known as tropeines., The tropeine of mandelic acid is used as a substitute for atropine in medicine, and is known as ho?natropine. Tropic: acid has been synthesised, and its structure is known. The!: structure of tropine is probably represented by the following; formula, which is that of a condensed pyridine and pyrrol! nucleus. Tropic acid is probably united to the hydroxyl groupi: of the base in the form of the ester. CH2-CH-CH2 I I N.CH3 CH(OH) CH2-CH-CH2 C6H5.CH ch2oh COOH Tropine. Tropic acid.