On the temperature in diseases : a manual of medical thermometry.
- Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich
- Date:
- 1871
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: On the temperature in diseases : a manual of medical thermometry. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the Gerstein Science Information Centre at the University of Toronto, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto.
84 results
- Found on image 13 / 489…his Edition, the whole of his time being devoted to the supervision of three military hospitals for the wounded in the present Eranco-German war. The Centigrade scale has been retained for two reasons— ist. Because in this way the original diagrams have been pre- sented without any alteration, except some sli...
- Found on image 17 / 489 (page 1)… not absolutely so. Indeed, there are sponta- neous variations in the course of every twenty-four hours, but these seldom exceed half a degree of the Centigrade scale (= '9° Tahr.) ' Tlie arrow to iudicate the normal temperature is placed at 98. t^ Ealir, 011 most English thermometers; from numerous observati...
- Found on image 19 / 489 (page 3)…ittle practical moment. They consist for the most part of elevations or depressions of temperature of very moderate extent, seldom exceeding a degree Centigrade (i"8°, or less than 3° Fahren- heit), over a larger or smaller area. These local changes are almost invariably accompanied with other obvious phenome...
- Found on image 28 / 489 (page 12)…above the usual height. Besides this, we sometimes meet with isolated, transient, but very significant rises of temperature (of 2, 3, or more degrees Centigrade, = 4, 6, or more degrees Fahr. nearly), of which the causes are sometimes nearly un- known, or seem but trifling. Eeal relapses, and secondary disease...
- Found on image 31 / 489 (page 15)…. (39 and 40° C), and seldom much exceeds or falls short of this. The difference between the daily maximum and minimum is only exceptionally above 1° Centigrade (i*8° Eahr.), more commonly it is only half a degree Cent. ("9 Tahr.). The length of this stage is usually less than a week; Defervescence is commonl...
- Found on image 52 / 489 (page 36)… for raising 1000 grammes to i meter in height, or i gramme to 1000 metres, for he found that the heat which would raise i kilogram of water i degree (Centigrade) will raise 424 kilogrammes i metre; and if converted, the same mechanical power which produced the latter effect will raise the temperature of a kilo...
- Found on image 54 / 489 (page 38)…fic observer. His use of two decimal places in his measure- ments of temperature, the importance he attributed to deviations of one tenth of a degree (centigrade = 4-° Fahr. nearly) or even less, and the recommendation of em])loying half an hour for every thermometrical observation, were slight recommendations...
- Found on image 66 / 489 (page 50)…uch increased or diminished without more or less injury to health, and that the temperature varies only within the limits of a few tenths of a degree (Centigrade), however the quantity or quality of the ingesta, of muscular or mental activity may vary, in all sorts of atmospheres, by any process of waste and exp...
- Found on image 75 / 489 (page 59)…ree Cent. ("2—'4° Tahr. nearly) do not much matter. Only if the temperature reaches unusual elevations (about 41° C.= 105*8° T.), a tenth of a degree Centigrade ("3° Fahr. nearly) becomes worthy of notice, and especially so as regards prognosis. But the necessity of accuracy, and of frequent repetitions of th...
- Found on image 76 / 489 (page 60)…' experience, corrected by continual verification by the thermometer, one is often enough de- ceived, and can scarcely estimate a quarter of a degree Centigrade {=-i^^ Fahr.) correctly. If the observer's hand is cold, no con- fidence can be placed in its sensibility to heat, and the most expe- rienced may mak...
- Found on image 76 / 489 (page 60)…on- fidence can be placed in its sensibility to heat, and the most expe- rienced may make mistakes amounting to half a degree, or even a whole degree Centigrade (= '9 to 'I'S^ Eahr.). However, the use of the hand to estimate the temperature of the skin, may afford a superficial knowledge of its warmth, and ma...
- Found on image 78 / 489 (page 62)…s formerly cmjiloyed, is quite gone out of use.- It is quite sufficient for ordinary medical purposes if the scale is divided into fifths of a degree centigrade [= '36' Fahr. nearly, or about two fifths]. The marks for both the degrees and their divisions should be clearly defined and legible, and those for t...
- Found on image 78 / 489 (page 62)…ed States. It is, however, not generally understood on the Continent, and it is greatly to be wished tiiat Eoglish medical men would learn to use the Centigrade Seale, which is almost universally employed by chemists and other physicists. (Messrs. Casella, Negretti and Zambra, Harvey and Reynolds, and others,...
- Found on image 78 / 489 (page 62)…ote in appendix.—[Trams.] ^ The thermometers made for medical use by English makers are generally divided into fifths of a degree Fahreniieit = {■^q° Centigrade nearly), and can easily be read to half of that = ~^^° Fahrenheit; their range is from 85° or yO° Fahrenheit (29-4' or 32-2° Centigrade) to 110° or 1...
- Found on image 78 / 489 (page 62)…iieit = {■^q° Centigrade nearly), and can easily be read to half of that = ~^^° Fahrenheit; their range is from 85° or yO° Fahrenheit (29-4' or 32-2° Centigrade) to 110° or 115° Fahrenheit ('13'3°—-16"1^ Centigrade). They vary in length, from about 5 to 10 inches, or more. Nearly all the surgical instrument ma...
- Found on image 78 / 489 (page 62)…ad to half of that = ~^^° Fahrenheit; their range is from 85° or yO° Fahrenheit (29-4' or 32-2° Centigrade) to 110° or 115° Fahrenheit ('13'3°—-16"1^ Centigrade). They vary in length, from about 5 to 10 inches, or more. Nearly all the surgical instrument makers supply them ; but Messrs. Casella (at the suggesti...
- Found on image 80 / 489 (page 64)…were the inventors), and find them very good.—[Tkans.] ^1 TMK ART OK MKDICAI- Til KR.MOM ICTK V. from a standard one by onr or two tenths of a degree (Centigrade = one or two fifths Fahrenheit nearly) after a year or so. It is possible, also, that the handling it undergoes for medical purposes, and pressure up...
- Found on image 80 / 489 (page 64)… institute, Src.). For many purposes it is convenient, or may even be necessary, to possess one or more histru- ments on which hundredths of a degree (Centigrade = J-^, Fahren- heit nearly) can be easily read. But for private practice this is quite superfluous, and, indeed, for really practical questions has h...
- Found on image 81 / 489 (page 65)…affixed, and where it joins the capillary tube there is a narrowing of the latter. The calibre of the instrument is such that a variation of 3° or 4° (Centigrade = 5*4° to 7*2° Eahr.) expands the mercury so as to fill the whole of the tube. The quantity of mercury in the instrument must be such that at the low...
- Found on image 81 / 489 (page 65)…of the single degrees (allowing of very fine divisions), with its comparative cheapness. Wal- ferdin made metastatic thermometers in which one degree centigrade (i"8° Eahr.) corresponded to a length of ten centimetres (= nearly four inches). As we are able with the unassisted eye to conveni- ently distinguish...
- Found on image 81 / 489 (page 65)…nassisted eye to conveni- ently distinguish distances of half a millimetre {--^ irVth inch nearly), we are thus enabled to read off ^Voth of a degree Centigrade with the naked eye, or -roVo° even by the help of a lens (= x-troth and , i-gth Eahr, nearly). Such minimal differences of temperature are of no prac...
- Found on image 82 / 489 (page 66)…and virgin silver). Not only is the delicacy of the thermo-electric ajiparatus very considerable (Dutrochet's apparatus registered -^\i\\ of n degree Centigrade = ^'„° Falir. nearly), but if the solderings are sharpened to a jioint, it allows the difference of tcnij)erature be- tween any two points of the sur...
- Found on image 82 / 489 (page 66)…ique,' 1868, I, 498) describes (but not very clearly) an apparatus with which he accurately indicated differences of temperature amounting to '00025° Centigrade (= ~7Tr° Pahr. nearly). Gavarret has recommended that thin plates (of copper and bis- muth) soldered together should be used instead of the needles f...
- Found on image 83 / 489 (page 67)…of heat required to warm a given measure of distilled water (say one grain or one kilogramme, or so many ounces or pounds, as one chooses) one degree (Centigrade or Fahrenheit) is quite a different thing to measurements of the degree of temperature. These investigations, interesting as they are from a theoreti...
- Found on image 88 / 489 (page 72)…ot disuse.—[Tkans.] - Thomas (iu the ' Jahrbuch f. Kinderheilk,' N. F. II, 239) gives the useful advice, to warm the thermometer two or three degrees (Centigrade = 4—6" F. nearly) above the temperature expected, and to introduce it quickly, in which way useful results are obtained in from a quarter to half a m...
- Found on image 89 / 489 (page 73)…, because most observations are taken in temperatures whicli, vary but little (i. e., in a sick chamber, which commonly has a" temperature of 15°—20° Centigrade = 59°—68° Eahr.) It is only when the temperature of the surrounding air is very hot, as sometimes happens in summer, that it may be as well to note t...
- Found on image 92 / 489 (page 76)…the absolute height of the temperature, and therefore the observations may be made more quickly than if we had to determine this. A fifth of a degree Centigrade (= V° Fahrenheit nearly) minus the ])roper tem- perature affects our diagnosis or prognosis very little. Just as in regard to the pulse, it is genera...
- Found on image 92 / 489 (page 76)…0 or 150 a minute, so for the questions which arise in private practice, except in cases of extremely high temperature, one or two tenths of a degree Centigrade (= two to three tenths Fahr. nearly) usually matter but little. The physician should know when it is of importance, and when not, and so, very often ...
- Found on image 94 / 489 (page 78)…isease rendered most evident, by indicating it on a chart, or ruled map, as a coni'nmous curved line. On this charts both Reaumur^s and Celsius' (the Centigrade) degrees may be marked. [Those used in this country generally have the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales instead.] It is convenient to note the frequen...
- Found on image 94 / 489 (page 78)…'nmous curved line. On this charts both Reaumur^s and Celsius' (the Centigrade) degrees may be marked. [Those used in this country generally have the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales instead.] It is convenient to note the frequency of the pidse^ and the number of the respirations, in a similar manuerj but in ...
- Found on image 96 / 489 (page 80)…points which it is desirable to elucidate. These observations are for the most part concerned with differences of only a few tenths of a degree \jj\° Centigrade=-iV^„° rahr.=-i-° nearly]. Very often indeed, we may fairly question, whether the persons who are the subject of experiment Vixe.j^eifectlj/ healthy or not;...
- Found on image 99 / 489 (page 83)…ration of so many, and doubtless every moment changing processes and in- fluences), that the internal temperature varies by little more than a degree Centigrade( = i"8° Fahrenheit). "What Lavoisier has said of the body-weight—" Quelle quantite d'aliments que Fon prenne, le meme Individu revient tous les jours ...
- Found on image 103 / 489 (page 87)…i.e., '' Gramm-C2i\ovm\" or heat-units in the sense of the quantity of warmth required to make I gramme [= 15*44 grains nearly] of distilled water 1° Centigrade [= i'8°rahr.] warmer than before); or, in other words, that every gramme of his body-weight produces dail// sufficient heat to raise the temperature ...
- Found on image 103 / 489 (page 87)… other words, that every gramme of his body-weight produces dail// sufficient heat to raise the temperature of 33-;V grammes of distilled water by 1° Centigrade (= £'8° Fahr.), or in one hour enough to warm one gramme of distilled water about 1*4° Centigrade (= 2-52° Fahr.)^. § 5.—As there is a continual prod...
- Found on image 103 / 489 (page 87)…mperature of 33-;V grammes of distilled water by 1° Centigrade (= £'8° Fahr.), or in one hour enough to warm one gramme of distilled water about 1*4° Centigrade (= 2-52° Fahr.)^. § 5.—As there is a continual production of heat in the body, there is also a continuous giving off or loss of heat. This loss of he...
- Found on image 110 / 489 (page 94)…s accessible, but well sheltered spots. Jacobson and Bernhardt ('Centralblatt/ 1868, p. 643), found the left heart in llfteeucases about '12° to '42° Centigrade (= ^° to -5-° Fahr. nearly) M'armer than the right., and the same temperature only in two cases. They found normal pleural cavities about •1'' to '2^...
- Found on image 110 / 489 (page 94)…(= ^° to -5-° Fahr. nearly) M'armer than the right., and the same temperature only in two cases. They found normal pleural cavities about •1'' to '2^ Centigrade (= -^° to -]° Fahr.), cooler than the abdominal cavity, and about -2° to -5° Cent. ( = -\° to -,''.,° Fahr. nearly), cooler than the left heart. The ...
- Found on image 110 / 489 (page 94)… carefully measured. Amongst these, the temperatures of the vagina and the unloaded rectum are the highest, being from one to four tenths of a degree Centigrade (= -ith to -r^ths of a degree Fahr. nearly), higher than that of the axilla. The temperature of the interior or cavity of the mouth, if there is no d...
- Found on image 111 / 489 (page 95)…ing conditions are very shght, and are comprised in the limits of a few tenths or fractions of tenths of a degree. [This is true, whether we take the Centigrade or Fahrenheit scale.] With very few exceptions the temperature in the axilla, in health, under the most varied circumstances and influences, moves be...
- Found on image 111 / 489 (page 95)….] With very few exceptions the temperature in the axilla, in health, under the most varied circumstances and influences, moves between 36*2° and 38° (Centigrade = 97-16° to 100*4° Fahr.), and if it exceed this a little, does so only for a moment. Br. W. Ogle (On the diurnal variations in the temperature of th...
- Found on image 113 / 489 (page 97)…lin. Klinische Wochenschr^ 1869, No. 37.) Soon after birth, especially after the first ablutions, infants lose on an average from 7 to '8 of a degree Centigrade (= i'26° to 1*44° Fahr.) ; and exhibit an average temperature of 37° C. (= 98-6° Fahr.) Of twenty-two new-born children, there were only three whose ...
- Found on image 114 / 489 (page 98)…rvations made on adults. Even the act of crying will cause a rise of temperature. New-born infants very commonly show an evening rise of -i- a degree Centigrade (= -9° Fahr.), and a still greater elevation at noon. In apparently healthy new-born infants, although but rarely, we sometimes meet with elevations ...
- Found on image 115 / 489 (page 99)…nce between the temperature of healthy indivi- duals—the most that we can say being, that the average temperature falls one or two tenths of a degree Centigrade ('2—'4° P. nearly), from early infancy to puberty, and from j)uberty to fifty or sixty years of age, in about the same proportion; but about the sixt...
- Found on image 116 / 489 (page 100)… in the healthy, during the course of a day. According to Lichienfels and Frohlich (loc. cit.) these amount, on an average, to scarcely half a degree Centigrade {= -9° Tahr.) They state that the loioest temperatures occur in the night between 10 p.m. aud i a.m., and in the morniug hours, between 6 and 8 a.m. ...
- Found on image 117 / 489 (page 101)… The nigJd in winter. The numbers given in the table are the mecnis of the monthly results. Dr. Ogle finds the average variation to be \^ Fahr. (= |° Centigrade.) He found the minimum = 97° F. (36'i°C.) at 5.30 a.m. on a winter's morning, and the maximum ioo-6° F. (=■ 38-25° C.) in a Turkish batii, a variation ...
- Found on image 119 / 489 (page 103)… this pseudo-amygdalitis has ever been described before.—[Trans.] tion of temperature is noticed. During the pains there occurs a rise of some tenths (Centigrade) 'a to '25 (i to -^ Pahr. nearly), in such a way that ih the pains^ and immediately after, the temperature rises somewhat; and in the pauses hetioeen ...
- Found on image 123 / 489 (page 107)…ng. According to Kernig ("Experim. Beitriige," p. 41), the tempe- rature in the axilla, when quietly lying down, was less by a few tenths of a degree (Centigrade) than it had been before, or was after in the erect or sitting posture. Oheruier has lately (' Der Hitzschlag.,' p. 80, published in 1867) made experi...
- Found on image 125 / 489 (page 109)…erything which excites the attention causes a slight rise. Very active mental exertion causes the temperature to rise from a quarter to half a degree Centigrade (= 7/77° — -^f Tahr.) Sleep, in itself, so far as is known, has no influence on the tem- perature of healthy people; in other words, production and l...
- Found on image 128 / 489 (page 112)…ng the subject. As regards the outward application of cold water, for instance, Fleuri/ found the temperature in a cold bath sink to 34°, or even 29° Centigrade (= 93'2° or 84-2 Fahr.) Speck (in the Archiv fiir gemeinschaftliche ArheiteU; i860, p. 422) found at the beginning of the application of a cold showe...
- Found on image 133 / 489 (page 117)… to contain about half a gallon Enghsh. The measure in the text probably means about 50 oz. (2-^ pints)] lowered the tempera- ture about -A- a degree Centigrade (= "9° Eahr.) in not more than a quarter of an hour's time, and it remained thus low for i^ hour. In the same way wine and brandy have a lowering eff...
- Found on image 152 / 489 (page 136)…at a time when the appetite is extremely sharp (in hohem grade lebhaft), it is not uncommon to meet with a rise of temperature of two or more degrees (Centigrade = 3"6° F.), and it may remain at this height for two or three days or more. § 13. Constipation, if it lasts a few days, and sometimes even the absenc...
- Found on image 170 / 489 (page 154)…wever cheerful and apparently vjell he may seem in other respects. During convalescence, however, the temperature generally rises one or more degrees (Centigrade :^ i-8° Fahr. or more) on the first occasion of rising from bed, and sitting up, even when this has not been permitted at all too soon. If the sittin...
- Found on image 178 / 489 (page 162)… against the accuracy of these experiments.^ Gierse's experiments show an increase of heat in iuflamcd parts amounting to half or even a whole degree Centigrade (= "9 to 1-8° F.). Barensprnng iowwdi no rise of temperature in an artificially induced erythema, but in a case of crural i)hlcbitis he found the tem...
- Found on image 183 / 489 (page 167)…ell as in the right groin) there was a persistently higher temperature than in the left; the difference being sometimes only a few tenths of a degree (Centigrade), sometimes as much as i'°C. (=37°F.). There were occasional, apparently purposeless (unmotivirte) elevations of temperature as much as to 39'5° C. (i0...
- Found on image 219 / 489 (page 203)… with hundredths of a degree; and indeed, in the majority of cases, an error of observation amounting to one or sometimes even two tenths of a degree (Centigrade = •3-°to i° Fahrenheit, nearly) is of no great consequence, and will not materially affect the practical value of our conclusions. § 2. It has alread...
- Found on image 219 / 489 (page 203)…emarked (in § 5, Chapter I) that, with very fev/ exceptions, the temperatures observed in human beings during life are limited to a range of about 8° (Centigrade = less than 15° Fahrenheit). The extreme minimum of the general temperature, or that of the blood, can scarcely be determined with even approximate a...
- Found on image 220 / 489 (page 204)…Zeitschrift fiir Psychiatrie' [for ]868] XXV, 685). Before death, and indeed for several days, they showed temperatures of 25°, 29-5°, 2375°, and 28° Centigrade ! (= 77°> «5-i^ 747°. and 82*4° Fahr.) They were very old people, who got out of bed in the coldest time of the year, and ran about naked, and from t...
- Found on image 229 / 489 (page 213)…, as in the following table: Temp. Talir. [Centigraile.] Con-esponcl to a Pulse of . 60 • 70 . 80 . 90 . 100 . no . 120 • 130 . 140 [[ have added the Centigrade equivalents for convenience sake.] Liebermerster gives the following numbers \J Schmidt's Jixhrbuch.,' Bd. 142, pp. 42,91]:— Pulse. F. F. 98° z=. [36...
- Found on image 242 / 489 (page 226)…lready been re- marked as occurring even in health, are still more evident in disease. In sick persons the temperature commonly varies from i to i-^° Centigrade (= i"8° to 27° Fahrenheit), and it may very well change as much as 5° or even 6° (= 9° to io"8° Tahrenbeit), or more. When the temperature is rather ...
- Found on image 271 / 489 (page 255)…9 104" The extent or excursus of the fiuctuatlons between the morning and evening temperatures may be very varied^ ranging from f ° to 3 or 4 degrees Centigrade (=1-35° to 5*4° or 7*3° Eah.). See fig. 18. Tig. 18. Cent. X 1 41 \ w 1 1 405 w w l\ \ 40 \ 1 \ p r \ dyt; \ \l w \i \ 39 1 fc \ i i 38-5 Fahr. I05-8...
- Found on image 282 / 489 (page 266)…cases, that it may be difficult to define the commencement of true defervescence. This preliminary decrease may amount to half or even a whole degree (Centigrade = 9 to I'8° Fahr.) in very high fevers and pseudocriscs; in the latter, indeed, it may even reach 3° C. (= 5*2° F.) or more. Sometimes it consists in...
- Found on image 291 / 489 (page 275)… two days, or so^ when every- thing else is as it should be. AValking about will again induce temporary rises of temperature, amounting to ^ a degree Centigrade (== -j^ Fah.), or a little more, which speedily compensate themselves when the patient lies down again. AYhenever the temperature remains elevated, h...
- Found on image 318 / 489 (page 302)…aily exacerbations remain in the neighbourhood of the general maximum temperature. All this time the morning temperatures, as a rule, are from ^°—1^° Centigrade (= "9°—27° F.) lower than the evening ones, seldom less than this; greater differences may occur sometimes, but not often, except that sometimes, on ...
- Found on image 338 / 489 (page 322)…enerally speaking, however, one finds a quarter or half an hour after the application of cold, that the tem- perature has fallen about i to 3 degrees Centigrade (= i*8° to 5'4° r.), and sometimes considerably more; after this it begins for the first time to rise again, and after from two to six hours, or even...
- Found on image 350 / 489 (page 334)…dity, with or without the co-operation of perspiration, so that within less than twelve hours the temperature falls in an unbroken line from 4° to 6° Centigrade (7-2° —io-8° P.), and seldom less than 3° C. (= 5*4° F.), and hence it generally reaches sub-normal degrees. According to Zoni, the fever does not ru...
- Found on image 359 / 489 (page 343)…ntly occurring elevations with very great probability, since these, on an average, are wont to exceed the height of the initial rise by about ~ to 1° Centigrade = i"5° to 1-8° Fahrenheit, and only exceed this a trifle even when most extreme. The initial rise of temperature is pretty constantly followed by an ...
- Found on image 363 / 489 (page 347)…ely low temperature, or, in other words, their line of normal temperature must be drawn one or two degrees Fahrenheit, or even more ("9° to nearly 2° Centigrade), loicer than the average normal temperature of 37^ C. or 98'6T. I feel strongly convinced of this, and on looking over my notes I find charts of sever...
- Found on image 365 / 489 (page 349)…ng about the same from morning to even- ing, or perhaps sinking a little till it reaches the normal. Sometimes elevations of a few tenths of a degree (Centigrade = ^ to ^ E. or a little more) in the evening break the fall, in which case the nightly descent is rather greater. But it is only very seldom that a r...
- Found on image 378 / 489 (page 362)…t begins immediately, just as rapidly, or perhaps more rapidly than it rose, to fall again; in a few hours, indeed, it sinks from two to four degrees Centigrade (= 3"6° to 7*2° Pahr.), so that^ as a rule, the temperature is lower after the first paroxysm of fever in pyrcmia than it was before it^ even when a ...
- Found on image 387 / 489 (page 371)…her slight, severe, or, indeed, fatal. The downfall generally occurs very rapidly, and may amount to from one and a half to four or even five degrees Centigrade (= 27° to 7*2° or 9°rahr.), and the temperature more or less nearly reaches normal; indeed, it very often reaches it, and sometimes falls even below ...
- Found on image 427 / 489 (page 411)…ontinuously, or at least for the most part, a non-continuous type. The daily differences, as a rule, are very considerable, they amount to 3° or more (Centigrade = 5*4° Fahr.). The daily maxima occur for the most part in the afternoon or evening, but not very infrequently in the morning also, and approxi- mate...
- Found on image 463 / 489 (page 447)…hour after the meal the cooHng of the body by exercise recommenced.^ APPENDIX No. II. Table of Thermometric Equivalents, according to the Celsiau {or Centigrade^ Reaitmur^s, and Fahrenheit's Scales. [N.B.—Any numbers not included in the table can be easily con- verted if once the principle of division of the s...
- Found on image 463 / 489 (page 447)….B.—Any numbers not included in the table can be easily con- verted if once the principle of division of the scales be mastered. The principle of the Centigrade or Celsian thermometer is to divide the space between 32° of Pahr., or freezing-point, from which the Centigrade starts, and 212° of Pahr., or boilin...
- Found on image 463 / 489 (page 447)…es be mastered. The principle of the Centigrade or Celsian thermometer is to divide the space between 32° of Pahr., or freezing-point, from which the Centigrade starts, and 212° of Pahr., or boiling point, into 100°. Therefore, every 180° Pahr. = 100° C, or every 1° C. = i-8° Pahr. In Eeaumur's thermometer th...
- Found on image 463 / 489 (page 447)…nto 80° only. Therefore, 1° C. = r8° Pahr., or 1-25° R.; or 1° Pahr., = f,° C. or -;r°^- Therefore, the relation between the degrees of Pah- renheit. Centigrade, and Reaumur, is explained by the numbers 9, 5,4. In converting from Pahrenheit into Centigrade or Reaumur we must first subtract 32, and then reduce ...
- Found on image 463 / 489 (page 447)…re, the relation between the degrees of Pah- renheit. Centigrade, and Reaumur, is explained by the numbers 9, 5,4. In converting from Pahrenheit into Centigrade or Reaumur we must first subtract 32, and then reduce ; whilst in converting into Pahren- heit from either Centigrade or Reaumur we must add 32 after...
- Found on image 463 / 489 (page 447)…converting from Pahrenheit into Centigrade or Reaumur we must first subtract 32, and then reduce ; whilst in converting into Pahren- heit from either Centigrade or Reaumur we must add 32 after the multiplication and division are completed. The following arbitrary rules may be found convenient: (i) To convert ...
- Found on image 463 / 489 (page 447)… or Reaumur we must add 32 after the multiplication and division are completed. The following arbitrary rules may be found convenient: (i) To convert Centigrade into Pahrenheit, multiply by 9, divide * In the 'Lancet' of Jan. ist, 1870,1 find the following observations of Dr. Marcet (see also ' Archives des S...
- Found on image 464 / 489 (page 448)…depressions of bodily temperature."— [Tkans.] by 5, add 32, or multiply by 18 and add 32. Example: 20"^ C. = 20 X 1*8 + 32 = 68° Eahr. (2) To convert Centigrade into llcaunmr, multiply by 4, divide by 5, or multiply by o'8. Example : 20° C. x o-8 = 16° 11. (3) To turn Ealirenheit into Centigrade, deduct 32, m...
- Found on image 464 / 489 (page 448)…2) To convert Centigrade into llcaunmr, multiply by 4, divide by 5, or multiply by o'8. Example : 20° C. x o-8 = 16° 11. (3) To turn Ealirenheit into Centigrade, deduct 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9. Example : 104° Eahr. —32 x 5 -^ 9 ^ 40° C. (4) To turn Ealirenlicit into lleaumur, deduct 32, divide by 9,...
- Found on image 464 / 489 (page 448)… 4. Example : 104° Eabr. —32 -^ 9 x 4 = 32° R. (5) To turn Eeaumur into Eahrenlieit, multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32. (6) To turn Reaumur into Centigrade, multiply by 5, divide by 4. The following figures will still further cxj)lain. Fr eezin (T. Boiling. Fahrenheii ! . . 0 V- 77 122 212 B,eaumur • • • ...
- Found on image 464 / 489 (page 448)…. The following figures will still further cxj)lain. Fr eezin (T. Boiling. Fahrenheii ! . . 0 V- 77 122 212 B,eaumur • • • m • 0 • • 20 • • 40 • • 80 Centigrade 0 ri • 50 • • • 100 C. R. F. C. R. F. 0 0 32 33 2G„ 91,, 5 4 41 33„ 26,48 91,58. 10 8 50 33,., 26,s6 91,76 15 12 59 33,3 26,64 91,94 17,3 14 03,5 33„...
- Found on image 475 / 489 (page 459)…y. The space between these vertical lines may be employed to note measurements taken at different hours of day or night. For convenience, the Celsian (Centigrade) and Reaumur's scale are placed side by side. [Centigrade and Fahrenheit's are substituted in our copy.] In order to facilitate the use of this chart,...
- Found on image 475 / 489 (page 459)…to note measurements taken at different hours of day or night. For convenience, the Celsian (Centigrade) and Reaumur's scale are placed side by side. [Centigrade and Fahrenheit's are substituted in our copy.] In order to facilitate the use of this chart, I have noted the particulars of a case, which is interes...
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