Volume 2

An introduction to the comparative anatomy of animals : compiled with constant reference to physiology, and elucidated by twenty copper-plates / by C. G. Carus; translated from the German, by R. T. Gore.

Carus, Carl Gustav, 1789-1869.

Date:: 1827

Credit: An introduction to the comparative anatomy of animals : compiled with constant reference to physiology, and elucidated by twenty copper-plates / by C. G. Carus; translated from the German, by R. T. Gore. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by King’s College London. The original may be consulted at King’s College London.

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$K) 44Q. The stomach of the Aplysia is peculiarly remark- able, as well for the great increase in the complicity of its structure, as for the manner in which it is armed inter- nally; in which latter respect it appears to present a further deveiopement of the style found in Bivalves. (§. 437.) According to Cuvier, the narrow oesophagus run- ning through the nervous circle of the neck (Tab. IIL fig. VII. d.) expands into a spacious and delicately mem- branous Crop, (g. g.) convoluted in a half spiral shape (something similar to which we have already noticed in the Ascidia, §. 435); it then terminates in a narrow but very muscular stomach, (h.) which is furnished on its internal surface with rhomboidal semi-cartilaginous laminae, (fig. VIII. b.) that appear to act like grinding teeth. The third stomach (i.) is pretty similar to the preceding one, and is also armed on its internal surface with hook-shaped teeth (fig. VIII. c.) directed forwards : it contracts at its posterior part in order to form the commencement of the intestine *, at which point open into it the biliary canals, (fig. VIII. f.) together with a peculiar coecum, (e.) which here, as well as in several other genera, appears to form the prototype of the Pancreas, in the same manner as the blind passage of food from tlie Gizzard : the third stomach is short, cylindrical, and disposed in folds, less deeply, hovA'^ever, than the second. In the Pleuro- branchus the CEsopliagns dilates into a membranous crop, at the lower part of which the bile is poured in. It communicates by a narrow cardia with the second stomach, which is a Gizzard with thin but muscular parietes. The third stomach is membranous, and precisely resembles the plicated stomach of Ruminants in being disposed in large but delicate folds, by means of which the alimentary matter contained in it is moulded into long whitish cords. The fourth stomach is membranous like the crop, but smaller. It is remark- able that the Gizzard contains a narrow groove running through its wliole length, leading from the first to tlie fourth stomach, ami probably subser- vient to a species of Rumination. (CuviEii, Comp. IV, 118.)—Trans- latoi\$