Ambulance lectures; to which is added a nursing lecture : in accordance with the regulations of the St. John Ambulance Association for male and female classes / [John M.H. Martin].

Martin, John, 1893-1985

Date:: 1888

Credit: Ambulance lectures; to which is added a nursing lecture : in accordance with the regulations of the St. John Ambulance Association for male and female classes / [John M.H. Martin]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$Thorax. Telvis. being so pressed upon. The spine is very flexible, and contains the spinal cord, or marrow. I he seven upper bones are called cervical, or neck vertebras ; the next twelve, dorsal, or back vertebras : the last five, lumbar, or loin vertebras. The chest, or thorax, is a bony cavity for the pro- tection of the lungs, heart, and large vessels; it is very elastic, and can bear considerable pressure—in youth more than in old age—without the bones breaking or fracturing, the reason being (and the same applies to all bones) that in childhood the animal matter predominates; in old age, the earthy matter. It is formed by twelve ribs on each side, with their cartilages, the spinal column behind, the breast-bone, or sternum, in front, and is separated at its base from the abdominal cavity by a most important muscle— the midriff, or diaphragm. The seven upper ribs are attached to the sternum—true ribs—by cartilages the same shape as the ribs; five are termed false, three attached by cartilage to the rib above, the last two free, sometimes called floating ribs. The pelvis, so called from its resemblance to a basin, is a strong and massive girdle. It is com- posed of four bones—two haunch-bones, or ossa innominata; the rump-bone, or sacrum; and the coccyx. These two last are really a continuation of the spinal column, and are sometimes called sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. The pelvis forms a firm support for the whole trunk as well as the intestines,$