An introduction to physiology / by Augustus D. Waller.

  • Waller, Augustus Désiré, 1856-1922.
Date:
1893
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: An introduction to physiology / by Augustus D. Waller. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    a 1-per-cent. solution of potassium oxalate is ' decalcified,' and remains fluid until it is recalcified (Arthus and Pages). The tendency of the present day is to assign the essential fibrino- plastic action to nucleo-albumin, and a lively controversy has centred itself round the leucocyte. Is it identical with a lymph-cell ? Does it disintegrate in shed blood ? Is it a source of fibrin-ferment, &c., &c. ? Wooldridge pointed out the fibrino-plastic action, first of lecithin, then of tissue-fibrinogens, and, finally, gave fibrin to be the resultant of two plasma-globulins, termed by him ' A fibrinogen ' and ' B fibrinogen.' HaUiburton regards fibrin-ferment as a globulin, refers to tissue- fibrinogen as cell-globulin, and, admitting the association of nucleo- albumin with cell-globulin, considers nucleo-albumin to be the essential fibrinoplast. He finds that the fibrinoplastic action of serum goes with the precipitate (globulin and nucleo-albumin) produced by saturation with magnesium sulphate. Schmidt holds to the leucocyte, and asserts that it disintegrates in shed blood; he admits that an anti-fibrinoplastic, as well as a fibrinoplastic body, are thus produced; he finds that an alcohohc extract of lymph-gland is fibrinoplastic, and that an aqueous extract of the residue is anti-fibrinoplastic. Lilienfeld goes further in the same direction; according to him, the two bodies occur, combined in normal leucocytes, as a nucleo-albumin, which, under the influence of calcium salts, divides into nuclein, a promoter of coagu- lation, and an albumose body (' histone '), a restrainer of coagulation. The chief points of unanimity in the experimental debate are to the following effect : The substances governing fibrin-formation in the living body are derived from tissue-cells (e.g. of lymph-glands); these cell-derivatives may be favourable or unfavourable to coagulation— fibrinoplastic or anti-fibrinoplastic; the former contain much phos- phorus and are alhed to nuclein, the latter are aUied to the albumose group. The action of an indefinite fibrin-ferment is now assigned to the presence of the somewhat less indefinite body ' nuclein,' of which we know that it contains a high percentage of phosphorus. Methods of separating the proteids of plasma and of serum.— Fibrinogen may be prepared from ' salted plasma,' or from pericardial or hydrocele fluids, and the best method is that known as the sodium chloride method (Hammarsten), the main purpose of which is the separation of fibrinogen from paragiobulin bv virtue of the differing solubilities of these bodies in sodium chloride solutions. Fibrinogen is insoluble in a semi-saturated solution, and is therefore precipitated by adding to the plasma an equal volume of a saturated solution; whereas paragiobulin is not thus precipitated, being soluble in a semi-saturated solu- tion. The precipitated fibrinogen is redissolved in a quarter-