Disposal and purification of factory wastes or manufacturing sewage / by H. W. Clark.

Date:
1910
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Disposal and purification of factory wastes or manufacturing sewage / by H. W. Clark. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.

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    residue was pressed and dried, being shipped finally in bags to fertilizer manufacturers. The liquid wastes resulting from the various processes amounted to about 120,000 gallons a da}', divided as follows: (1) from skin washers; (2) from fresh fish cookers; (3) from salt fish cookers; (4) floor washings; (5) condenser water; (6) purifiers; and (7) the domestic sewage from 115 operatives. The main sewer of the factory received all this waste at various points and discharged it into a brook below the storage basin of the plant for condenser water. These wastes were putrescent and had strong and offensive odors. Two filters (Nos. 368 and 370) were operated at Lawrence with the waste. Filter No. 368 was constructed of 4 feet in depth of sand of an effective size of 0.25 millimeter, and received the mixed strong wastes at a rate of 25,000 gallons per acre daily at first and later at a rate of 50,000 gallons per acre daily. The effluent from this filter was always non-putrescible, clear, colorless, odorless, and nitrification was high; but notwithstanding high nitrification the free ammonia in the effluent was also very high, owing to the large amount of nitrogenous bodies present in the applied waste. Filter No. 370 was operated as a trickling filter and was constructed of 6 feet in depth of broken stone of the size most successfully used in trickling filters at the station, and was operated at a rate of 500,000 gallons per acre daily for a month and then at a rate of 750,000 gallons per acre daily. Nitrification began almost immediately in this filter, and the amount of nitrates present was as great as that in the effluent from the sand filter, which was operated at from one-tenth to one-fifteenth as great a rate. The amount of free ammonia present, however, in the effluent from this filter was only one-half as great as in the effluent from the sand filter, this result being due largely, however, to the fact that the wastes obtained from the works were weaker during the period of operation of this filter than during the entire period of operation of the sand filter. The effluent from the trickling filter was practically odorless, stable and of a character equalling in most respects that from trickling filters receiving domestic sewage. The average analysis of the waste liquor applied to and of the effluents from the two filters follow: — Average Analysis of Waste Liquor applied to Filters Nos. 368 and 370. [Parts per 100,000.] Ammonia. Nitrogen as — Oxygen Consumed. Bacteria per Cubic Centimeter. Color. Free. Albuminoid. Nitrates. Nitiites. - 14.22 5.59 - - 8.77 2,730,000