Observations on renal function in acute experimental unilateral nephritis / W.C. Quinby, M.D. and R. Fitz, M.D. Boston.

  • Quinby, W. C.
Date:
1915
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Licence: In copyright

Credit: Observations on renal function in acute experimental unilateral nephritis / W.C. Quinby, M.D. and R. Fitz, M.D. Boston. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    introduced the actual cautery into different parts of one kidney and obtained foci of scar tissue on that side. Brewer6 caused pyelonephritis by the injection of pathogenic bacteria into the proximal segment of the ligated ureter, and Stewart7 made a similar picture by the implanta¬ tion of the ureter into the wall of the intestine. These various experi¬ ments, however, were designed to produce a chronic nephritis or depended on infection or on the introduction of artificial factors which would render the animals unfit for further studies. For our purposes, Ribbert’s8 later method, as used by Baehr,9 promised more satisfactory results. Ribbert exposed the renal artery of one kidney in rabbits and injected directly into it a solution of iodin which was perfused through the whole kidney by the arterial blood. Baehr, following this technic, injected the renal artery in the same way with iodin, croton oil, potassium chromate and uranium nitrate. The last substance produced marked unilateral glomerular lesions in rabbits, with little tubular destruction. By different degrees of dosage and by varying the length of time which the disease was allowed to run, various stages of acute, subacute or chronic one-sided nephritis were obtained. In our experiments, Baehr’s method with uranium nitrate was followed with a few changes. The introduction of ureteral catheterization into renal surgery opened up a brilliant field for the study of the urine excreted simul¬ taneously from each kidney. By this method, the urine from one kidney could be compared with the urine from the other, and a number of different observations could be made to determine which kidney showed an abnormal function, and to what extent it was damaged compared with the other kidney. It is known that there is a certain variation in the amount of urine and solids excreted from the two kidneys over short intervals of time. But Albarran10 and Kapsammer11 have found that these differences diminish with the length of time of observation, and that normally, in an hour, nearly the same amount of urine and solids comes from each side. 6. Brewer: The Present State of Our Knowledge of Acute Renal Infec¬ tions; With a Report of Some Animal Experiments, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1911, lvii, 179. 7. Stewart: A Study of Ascending Infection of the Kidney Carried Out by the Method of Transplanting the Ureters into the Intestines, Univ. Penn. Med. Bull., 1911, xxiii, 233. 8. Ribbert: Untersuchungen iiber die normale and pathologische Physiologie und Anatomie der Niere, Bibliotheca Medica, 1896, Part C, No. 4, p. 1. 9. Baehr: Ueber experimentelle Glomerulonephritis (Ein Beitrag zur Lehre der Schrumpfniere), Beitr. z. path. Anat. u. z. allg. Path., 1913, lv, 545. 10. Albarran: Recherches sur le fonctionment normal compare des deux reins, Ann. d. mal. d. org. genito-urin., 1904, xxii, 81. 11. Kapsammer: Uber Ureterenkatheterismus und funktionelle Nierendiag- nostik, Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1903, xvi, 1417.