Volume 2
A dictionary of the Bible : dealing with its language, literature, and contents, including the Biblical theology / edited by James Hastings ; with the co-operation of John A. Selbie.
- Date:
- 1909-10
Licence: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Credit: A dictionary of the Bible : dealing with its language, literature, and contents, including the Biblical theology / edited by James Hastings ; with the co-operation of John A. Selbie. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.
896/904 page 870
![from the prosaic statement vv.'^-^. p^,' therefore,' of v.^^ answers, not to anything in the prophecy preceding, but to v.^^V 'nyp^ )?^T?ri!i 1?'^ ' Whereas thou hast prayed ... I have heard,' and, as has been noticed above, w.^*- are duplicates of the same statement. Thus w.^'^', generally regarded by critics as an authentic prophecy of Isaiah, appear to have been inserted into the midst of the prophetical history ig^i'-^o. 32-34^ y_2ia represent- ing the redactor's link. The narrative o20^- probably belongs to the author of one of the two preceding narrative sections. Cheyne, following Duhm, selects the second narrative ig^bu. Notice, as a point of con- nexion, the occurrence of a prayer of Hezekiah in each section: 19^^^- 20^'-. Very possibly the chronological notice at the beginning of 18^^, ' In the 14th year of king Hezekiah,' properly refers to the events of 20^', and occupies its present position upon the false assumption that Senna- cherib's invasion took place in the same year as Hezekiah's sickness and recovery. This arrange- ment is probably due to BP, who removed the note of time from its true position at the head of the narrative of 20'^-, replacing it by his syn- chronistic phrase 'In those days.' Notice the reference to Assyria in 20. The whole verse from Isps 'and from the hand, etc.,' must be due to the author of the mistaken synchronism. Cf. the latter half with 19^*. The 6th year of Hezekiah for the fall of Samaria, B.C. 722 (1810), cannot be reconciled with the 14th year for Sennacherib's campaign, B.C. 701 (18^3), and it seema the best course to regard this latter date as true for the sickness of Hezekiah and the embassy of Merodach-Baladan, which will then fall cir. B.C. 714. Thus Hezekiah's reign may be supposed to have closed B.C. 699, i.e. some 15 years after B.C. 714 (206»). The short prophecy of 20- has probably been worked over by R^^ in post-exilic times, when Babylon, and not Assyria, was the oppressor. II 21 is throughout the work of R'' ( vhrases, Nos. 11, 13, 27, 42-14, 49, 54, 55, 66; and cf. Driver, LOT^ p. 203) based upon very brief notices (vv.'- 6.6a. ra. i6a)^ derived, presumably, from the ' Annals.' Yy 10-16 appear to presuppose the captivity of Judah, and must therefore, in their present form, be assigned to R°^. II 22^-23^^ is a continuous narrative, probably dra-\vn from the temple archives. Deuteronoraic phrases are found in 23^-^ (phrases, Nos. 3, 6, 20, 39, 63), and in the speech of Huldah 22-2» (phrases, Nos. 29, 39, 54 ; and cf. Driver, LOT^ p. 203), which seems to show signs of revision by in exilic times. Certainly this later editor is respons- ible for the addition at the close of the narrative 232«-2' {phrases, Nos. 11, 39, 51), which strikes a note strangely alien to the enthusiasm of the^pre- exilic author in view of Josiah's reformation (cf. especially vv.^^- ^^). Upon II 23^^-25'° see above (Later editors). 2522-26 a much abbreviated account of the events described in Jer 40''-43', to which source R^ clearly owes his information. Jer 52, on the other hand, seems to be a later addition to the prophet's book (notice the closing words of ch. 51, 'Thus far are tlie words of Jeremiah'), excerpted from 2 K 24'*- 25**, naturally with omission of 25^^'^^, as having been already related in fuller detail. Literature.—O. Thenius, Die Biicher der KSnige (in Egf. Exeg. Handb.), 1« Aufl. 1849, 2e Aufl. 1873; F. Bottcher, Heue exegetisch-kritische Aerenlese zum AT, 2« Abtheilung, 1864, pp. 1-120 ; C. F. Keil, Die Biicher der Eonige (in BM. Comm.), 1 Aufl. 1865, 2« Aufl. 1876 (Eng. tr. 1872); H. Ewald, The Eistcyry of Israel (Eng. tr. 1871), vol. iii. p. 204 £E., vol. iv. ; H. Oratz, Oesch, der Juden, vola. i. ii. 1, 1876 (frequent textual suggestions omitted in Eng. tr. 1891); E. Schrader, COT, 1885- 1888, vol. i. p. 172ff., vol. ii.; A. Klostermann, Die Biicher Samuelis und der KSnige (in Strack and Zockler's Eg/. Eomm.), 1887, p. 262 ff.; A. Kuenen, Historisch - kritisch Onderzoek, 2nd ed. 1887 (Ger. tr. 1890), §§ 24-27; I. Hooykaas, lets over de Orieksche Vertaling van het OT, 1888 ; J. Well- hausen, Die Composition des Uexateuchs und der historischen Bucher des AT, 2o Druck, 1889, pp. 266-302, 359-361 ( = Well- hausen-Bleek, Einleitung, 1878, p. 231 ff.), Prolegomena zur Geschichte I^acls, 4 Ausg. 1895, pp. 275-299 (Eng. tr. 1885, p. 272 ff.), Israelitische und Jiidische Gesch.,2^ Ausg. 1897, p. 64ff. (enlarged from art. 'Israel' in Encyc. Brit. 1881 = History of People of Israel and Judah, 2nd ed. 1891, p. 53 ff.); B. Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Z Aufl. 1889, l^ Band, pp. 73-79, 296ff., ZATW iii. 129fE. (on I 5-7), v. 178 (on I 22J8f ), v. 275 ff. (on n 10-14), vi. 156 ft. (on II 15-21); S. R. Driver, LOn (1891), pp. 175-193, 6(1897), pp. 185-203; H. Winckler, Alttest. Untersuchungen, 1892, pp. 1-54; E. Konig, Einleitung in das AT, 1893, pp. 263-269; A. Kamphausen (in Kautzsch's Die Ileilige Schrift des AT, 1894), pp. 350-426, Beilagen, pp. 20-34 ; C. H. Oornill, Einleitung in das AT, 3« Aufl. 1896, pp. 108- 117 ; R. Kittel, A History of the Hebreivs (Eng. tr. 1896), vol. ii. 49ff., 177ff.; Piepenbring,ifist. dupeupled'IsraH, 1898, p. 167fi. C. F. BUENEY, KING'S POOL.—See Pool. KING'S YALE, THE (^har) ppy, AV the king's dale).—The jilace where the king of Sodom met Abram, Gn 14 (t6 tt^olov paa-iK^ws). Here also the childless Absalom erected in his lifetime a monu- ment to himself, 2 S 18^'^ (17 KoiXas rod jSaatX^uis). See HiNNOM (Valley of), p. 388*; Shaveh (Vale OF), and Jerusalem, p. 584*. KINSFOLK.—Although 'kinsfolk'is itself plural (see Folk), and is so treated in Job 19^'' ' My kins- folk have failed,' and Lk 2 ' They sought him among their kinsfolk' {^v ro'is avyyeviai. [WH -evaw']), it is also found with an s added, giving the irreg. plur. ' kinsfolks,' in 1 K 16 ' Neitlier of his kins- folks, nor of his friends'; 2 K 10, 2 Mac 8' IS'*, Lk 21'*. The NT Revisers have dropped the s in Lk 21', and the Apocr. Revisers in 2 Mac, but in 1 K 16 the OT Revisers have kept it. In 2 K 10 RV prefers 'familiar friends,' the Heb. expressing no reference to kinship (I'J^'J'O, cf. LXX yvwarois, the same word as is tr'' ' acquaintance' in Lk 2^). For the form 'kinsfolks' cf. Strype, Life of Archhp. Whitgift, 1597, ' [Geta] asked him, if tliose whom he had. put to death had no parents, kin.sfolks, nor friends '; and Bacon, Essays, ' Of Parents and Children' (Gold. Treas. ed. p. 24), 'The Italians make little difference betweene Children and Nephewes or neere Kinsfolkes.' J. Hastings. KINSMAN.—This is the proper singular form of 'kinsfolk,' with the fem. form 'kinswoman.' ' Kinsman' is the tr in OT mostly of jxa gd'el (see GOEL), and in NT of (xvyy^vqi. In Apocr. avyy(v-q's is so tr'' twice. Sir 41^', 2 Mac 12^^, and dSeX^is twice. To 3'^ 7* (RV ' brother'). In Ru 9?^ AV gives ' next kinsman' as the tr of gd'el; RV changes this into 'near kinsman,' and gives 'near kinsman' instead of the simple ' kinsman' for all the other occurrences of gd'el in Ruth. In Ru 2' the Heb. Kethibh vfo means strictly no more than ' acquaintance,' but whether we adopt this reading or that of the l^eri y'lio, ' kinsman' is plainly the meaning. Hence RV rightly retains the AV translation. Kinswoman occurs Lv ISi^-i^-i^, Pr 74; and RV adds Lk P* ' Elisabeth thy kinswoman,' for AV ' thy cousin Elisabeth,' the word ' cousin' (wh. see) having become contracted in application since 1611. The Greek of TR is cvyyev^'s, but the weight of authority is in favour of the late fem. form (fvyyevls, which edd. (except Tr.) adopt. J. Hastings. THE END OF VOL. II.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b24749163_0002_0898.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
