Volume 1

A dictionary of the Bible : dealing with its language, literature, and contents, including the Biblical theology / edited by James Hastings ; with the co-operation of John A. Selbie.

Date:
1909-10
Catalogue details

Licence: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Credit: A dictionary of the Bible : dealing with its language, literature, and contents, including the Biblical theology / edited by James Hastings ; with the co-operation of John A. Selbie. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.

    891/898 (page 863)
    SYNOPSIS OF FEASTS AND FASTS. Group. Feast or Fast. E.xodus. Leviticus. Numbers. Deutero- nomy. References outside Pentateuch. References in New Test. I. Connected with the Institution Of the SabhaVx. ]. Sabbatli . 1(523 30 20' 2312 3113 16 3421 352 103 233 2fi2 1532-86280-10 51216 1 S 205. 6, 2 K 423 115-7, Neh 89-1310311.315-22, Is 562-6 5812, Jer Hos 213, Am 85 Mt 12913, Mk 31-5, Lk 66-10131017, Jn 5118, 914-16 2. New Moon '40-* 17 31 296 1 k3 -iO-^, PS 81''- 4, Is 113.14, Am 85, 1 Mac 1034 Col 21^, 3. Sabbatical Month, Feast of Trumpets 2324. 25 291-8 Neh 89-10 4. Sabbatical Year 2310-11 251-7.20-22 2632-36 151-11 319-13 2 Oh 3621, Neh 1031, Jer 3414, 1 Mac 653 •• 5. Jubilee Year . 258-65 2^ 17-24 Is 611-2 634, Jer 348- 14.16.17 (?), Ezk 4617 Lk 418-21, Rev 211-6. II. Three Historical Feasts. 1. Passover and Mazzuth 12. 131-10 2314-17 3418. 25 235-14 92-14 2816-25 333 161-8.16 Jos 59-10, 2 K 2321- 23, 2 Ch 30. 35, Ezr 619, Ezk 4521 Mt 261-2, Mk 141-12. 14-16, Lk 241221- 7. 8. 11.13.15 J,i 213 64 1155 12i 131 1825. 39 1014 Ar-fc 194 1 r*rt 56-8. 2229 2.31s. in 34'22. 20 2310-21 2826-31 169-12 2 Mac 1232 Ac 21 2016 1 Co 1G8. 3. Tabernacles 23I6 3422 2334-31;. 3VAi 2912-40 1013-15 3110-13 1 K 82 1232, 2 Ch 63 78, Ezr 34 814-17, Zee 1416-19 Jn 71-1021. III. Minor Feasts. 1. Puriin . Est 915-32, 1 Mac 749, 2 Mac 1530 Jn 51 (?). 2. Dedication or Lights 1 Mac 462 59, 2 Mac 106. 7 Jn 1022. IV. Fast. Day of Atonement. 3010 16. 2327-32 297-11 Zee 39 (?), Sir 505ff. Ac 279, He 218 414-16 61-10 619. 20 722-28 81-5 911-15. 7'° and 8'. In 7'^ Zechariah, in answer to an in- quiry put to him by tlie meu of Bethel about fa.st- ing, dec'hire.s that J demands no fasts, but only observance of His moral commands. Two fasts had been in observance in the 5th and 7th months for seventy years,—the fast of the 5th month (9th Abib), in memory of the destruction of the city and temple by fire (2 K 25') ; and the fast of the 7th month (2nd Tisri), in memory of the murder of Gedaliah and the annihilation of all that remained of the Jewish state (Jer 41). In ch. 8 he pictures the Messianic future, when the fast days will become seasons of gladness and cheerful feasts. He adds to 7^'' two other fasts : the fast of the 4th month (17th Tammuz), in memory of the capture of Jerusalem (Jer 39), and the fast of the 10th month (10th T^^^eth), in memory of the com- mencement of the siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchad- rezzar (2 K. 25^). Zechariah knows nothing of 'the Fast'—the Day of Atonement. Later fasts ' came into a position co-ordinate with the feasts, and became a stated and very important element of the ordinary worship' (Wellhausen, Prolego- mena, 112). Fasting degenerated into formalism and self-righteousness. lu the NT cf. Mt 6^'^«- 9, Mk 218-, Lk 533-- W\ Ac 27^ 2 Co 6'* 11. After the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus, the system of fasts received such an imimlse that it was nccessar,y to draw up a list of the days on which fasting was forbidden. The present Jewish calendar contains twenty-two fast-days, besides the Day of Atonement, the Fast of Esther, and the four fasts of Zee 8^^ (Edersheim, The Temjilc, etc., pp. 297-301). LiTKRATiiRK. — Edersheim, The. Temple: its Ministry and Services, 144-300, TJie Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah ; Geikie, The Life and Words of Christ ; Wellhausen, Prolego- mena, 83-120 ; Schultz, OT Thcolorjy, i. 189, lOG, 20-J, 359-369, 372, 402. On p. 359 will be found an exliaiistive list of German literature on the 'S.acred Seasons.' Vol. ii. 87-100 ; Willis, The Worshiji of the Old Covenant, 190-214; W. R. Smith, The Prophets of Israel, new ed. with introd. and notes by Prof. Cheyne, 38, 56, 384, OTJC^, 240, 209, RSI; 221, 227, 245, 280, 344 f., 390, 403 f., 41C, 434, 452, 464 ; Cobb, Oriqines Judaicnc, 137-139 ; Robertson, Early Peligion of Israel, 363, 372, 378, 385, 397, 401, criticism of Wellhausen; Schiirer, HJP (passim); ^Vatson, Cambridge Companion to the Bible, 411-417 ; Driver, JMuteronoinji (jxissim), Joel and Amos, 16, 43f., 55 ; Trumbull, Threshold Covenant, 209 f., 266. E. ElMER HARDING. THE END OF VOL I.