On the origin, habits & diffusion of cholera and what may be done to prevent or arrest its progress and to mitigate its ravages / by Sir J. Fayrer.

  • Fayrer, Sir Joseph, 1824-1907.
Date:
1886
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: On the origin, habits & diffusion of cholera and what may be done to prevent or arrest its progress and to mitigate its ravages / by Sir J. Fayrer. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    Compare this with epidemics of cholera that occur now and the identity will be apparent; the outbreak at Kur- rachee, for instance, which will be described later. In the 17th century a full account of the disease is given by Bontius, who describes it in Java in 1629; Zacutus Lusitanus notes its prevalence in Arabia; Baldaeus, a Dutch clergyman, refers to fatal cramps in his accounts of the coasts of India (1641) ; Cleyer noticed cholera in China in 1669 ; Thevenot was attacked by it near Surat in 1666, and Then Rhyne, a Dutch Professor, who wrote towards the end of the 17th century, mentioned a remedy employed against it in Japan.* Cholera appeared in an epidemic form in Mewar in 1661, in Marwar in 1681-82, in Goa in 1683-84.* During the i8th century cholera visited in an epidemic form Pondicherry and the coast in 1768-69, and Ganjam and Calcutta in 1781 ; it appeared also in Java, China, and the Mauritius, and is reported to have occurred in an epidemic form at Tinnevelly in 1757, on the Malabar coast in 1782, at Hurdwar and Madras in 1783, at Travancore in 1792, and in Mewar and the Mahratta country in 1794.* Of these epidemics the most widely extending was the outbreak at Ganjam in 1781 ; it branched off in a northerly direction, but was not traced further than Calcutta; it ap- peared in Central India and Hurdwar in 1783, in Madras in 1782, and extended as far south as Trincomalee. After this outbreak notices of the disease become rarer until the great epidemic of 1817. I shall continue the history of cholera in a brief summary of its great epidemic movements since 1817 up to the date of that which is now hovering over Europe, and has recently manifested itself with great intensity in France, Spain, and Italy. These are, according to Hirsch, arranged in series called Pandemics. The pandemic of 1817-23 was almost confined to Asia, Astrakhan being the only European locality attacked. Cholera devastated India from end to end, attacked Ceylon, Mauritius, Reunion and the East coast of Africa (1820). It broke out in Burmah, Siam, several of the East Indian Islands, and finally in China and Japan in 1822. In 1821 the epidemic was at Muscat, in Mesopotamia and the North East provinces of Persia. In 1822 it appeared in
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