A textbook of human physiology / translated from [the] 6th German edition by W. Stirling.

  • Landois, Leonard.
Date:
1888
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A textbook of human physiology / translated from [the] 6th German edition by W. Stirling. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.

    61/980 (page 9)
    zooid, to separate from the oecoid (iig. 7, d). The zooiil may shrink from tlie iierijihery of tlit- corpuscle, or it may pass out of the oorpusele altof^ether (Briiclr) ; lUiicke regards tlie stroma in a certain sense as a house, in which the remiiiiider of the substance of the corpusck^ the chief part endowed with vital phenomena, lives. 11. Strong solutions of acids ilissolve the cor- puscles ; more dilute solutions cause precipitates in the luemoglobin. This is easily seen witli carbolic acid (//«7s and Landois, Stirlimj and lUinnie). 12. Alk.alies of moderate strengtli cause sudden solution. A 10 per cent, solution of potash, placed at the edge of a cover- glass, shows the process of solution going on under the microscope. At tirst the corpuscles become glolmlar, and so appear smaller, but afterwartls they burst like soap-bubbles. [13. NHjCl injected into the blood causes vacuolation of tiie red corpuscles {Bol/ritzkij). 14. Sodic salicylate, benzoate, and colchicin, di.ssolve the red corpuscles {N. Fatoii).] [Tannic Acid.—A freshly prepared solution of tannic acid has a remarkable eflect on the col- oured blood-corpu.sdes of man and aninuils—causing a separation of the hicmoglobin from the stroma ( fV. Eohryfs). The usual elleet is to produce one or more granular buds of luemo- globin on the side of the corpuscles (tig. 7, b, c) ; nuire rarely the hieiuoglobin collects around the nucleus, if .such be present (tig. 7, d), or is e.xtruded, as sliown in tig. 7, e.] [Ammonium or Potassium Snlpho-cyanide removes the hremoglobin, and reveals a reticular structure—intra-KKclrar plexus of tibrils {Stirlinc/ and Eainiiej.] The Amount of Gases in the blood exercises an important iuHuence on their solubility. The corpuscles of venous blood, which contains much CO.j, are more easily dissolveil tlian those of arterial blood ; while between both stnnds blood containing CO. When the gases are com- pletely removed from the blood, it becomes lake-coloured. Salts increase the resistance of the corpuscles to physical means of uohition, while they facilitate the action of chemical solvents. If certain salts be added in substance to blood, they make blood lake-coloured ; potassic sulphocyanide, sodic chloride, &c. (Koion/ewsh/). Resistance to Solvents.—The red blood-corpuscles offer a certain degree of resistance to the action of solvents. Method.—Mix a small droj) of blood with an ecpial volume of a 3 per cent, solution of sodic chloride, and then add distilled water until all the coloured corpuscles are dissolved. Fill th(^ mixer (tig. 3) up to the mark 1 with blood ol)tained by pricking the linger, and blow this blood into an e(]ual volume of a 3 per cent, solution of NaCl previously placed in n, hollow in a glass slide, ^lix the lluids, and the corpuscles will remain undi.ssolved. By means of the pipette add distilled water, and go on doing so until all the corpuscles are dissolved ; which is ascertained with the micro.scope. In normal blood, solution of the corpuscles occurs after 30 volumes of distilled water have been added to the blood (Lnndois). Tiiere are some individuals whose blood is more soluble than that of others ; their corpuscles are soft, and readily undergo changes. Many conditions, such as chohcmia, poisoning with substances which dissolve the corpuscles, and a markedly venous condition of the blood, atlect the corpuscles. Interesting observations may be made on the blood in infectious diseases, liajmoglobinuria, and in ca.ses of burning. In anaiinia and fever, the capacity for resistance .seems to be diminished. 6. FORM AND SIZE OF THE BLOOD-CORPUSCLES OF ANIMALS.—All mammals (with the exception of the camel, llama, alpaca, and their allies), and the cyclostomata amongst fishes, e.r/., Petromyzon, po.ssess circular bi-concave non- nudeated disc-shaped corpuscles. Elliptical corpuscles without a nucleus arc found in the above-named mammals, while all birds, reptiles, am[)hibians (fig. 1, 1, 2), and fishes (except cyclostomata) have nucleated elliptical bi-convex corpuscles. Size Ot=0-001 Millimetre) Of the Disc-shaped Corpuscles. Of the EUiptical Corpuscles. Short Diameter. Lone; Diameter. Elephant. . . 9-4 ^ Man, . . .7-7 ,, Dog, . . . 7-3 ,, Rabbit, . . 6-9,, Cat, . . . 6-.5 ,, Sheep, . . .5-0 ,, Goat, . . .4-1 ,, Musk-deer, . . 2-5 ,, Llama, . . 40 ;u Dove, . . 65 ,, Frog, . . 15*7 ,, Triton, . . 19? ,, Proteus, . . 35-0,, The corpu.scles of Amphiui than those of Proteus {lUdde 8-0 14-7 „ 22-3 ., 29 -3 ., 58-0 ., na are nearly one-third larger 0.