Volume 3

A dictionary of practical medicine, comprising general pathology, the nature and treatment of diseases, morbid structures and the disorders especially incidental to climates, to the sex, and to the different epochs of life. With ... prescriptions, ... bibliography ... formulae / [James Copland].

  • Copland, James, 1791-1870
Date:
1832-1858
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A dictionary of practical medicine, comprising general pathology, the nature and treatment of diseases, morbid structures and the disorders especially incidental to climates, to the sex, and to the different epochs of life. With ... prescriptions, ... bibliography ... formulae / [James Copland]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    or never resorted to, excepting inempyema. In some states of the acute disease, especially when the effusion is principally in one cavity, and is not attended by organic changes in the lungs or heart, of a necessarily fatal or dangerous kind, the condition of the patient in other respects not contra-indicating the propriety of performing it, this operation may be as safely and beneficially practised on the thorax as on the abdomen; the same risks—and no greater—existing in respect of the one as of the other. It has been recom- mended by Gouta, Duvernry, Brancur, De- LAPORTE, Moretanpb, Huerrer, Moranp, Lut- Lier, J. P, Franx, Mursinna, Bett, Romero, and Arcuer, and practised successfully by nearly all ofthem. The chief danger proceeds from the introduction and action of the air; but not so much from its preventing the dilatation of the lungs, as from its action on the diseased pleura, and the fluid effused from it, as shown above (§157.). (See arts. Lunes, and Pievra.) BIBLIOG. AND REFER. — Gouda, Ergo in Thoracis quam in Abdom. Hydr. Paracentesis tutior. Paris, 1624, — Balionius, Opera, vol. i. p. 13.—Bartholin, Hist. Anat, vol. li, p. 7. 66.— Riverius, obs. i. 60. — Willis, Pharmac, Rat. ii. 1. 13. —Duverney, in Mém. de 1’ Acad. Roy. de Scien. de Paris, 1703, p. 197. (Paracentesis.) — Bonet, Sepulchret. 1, ii. s. i. obs. 72. 84, s. ii. ob. 75. et seg. —Bianchi, Histor. Hepat. i. p. 662. —Morgagn?, De Sed. et Caus. ep. x. a. 11., ep. Xvi. a. 2—40, — Berger, Sur l’Hydr. de la Poitrine. Paris, 1736. (Paracentesis recommended.) — Bovillet, Sur PHyadr. de la Poitrine, &c. Bes. 4to. 1758. — Morand, in Mem. de P Acad. de Chirurg. t. ii. p.547.— Avenbrugger, Invent. Novum ex Percussione Thoracis ut Signo, in- tern. Morbi Pect. detegendi. Vind. 1761.— Moreland, in Philos. Trans. 1766, p. 302. — Sauvages, Nos. Méth., t. i. p. 688. — Gonter, De Diagnosi Morb. Pect. Vien. 1764. — Alston, Edin. Med. Essays, vol. v. part ii. p. 609, — Simson, in Ibid. p. 623. — Lieutaud, Hist. Anat. Méd. 1. ii. ob. 857. 875. — Delaporte, Ergo Hydropi Pectoris Paracentesis. Paris, 1774.— De Haen, Rat. Med. pars v. c. 3., pars vi. C. 4, pars ix. c. 12. — Stoll, Rat. Med. pars i. p. 236, (12 lbs. in the left pleura.), et pars ii. p. 378., parsiii. p. 55., pars vii. p. 216. ; et Preelect. vol. i. p. 80. —Vallis- neri, Opera, iii. p. 185. 526.—Selle, N. Beytrage, b. i. p. 121. — Richter, in Comment. Soc, Goet. vol. ii. (Complicated with carcinoma mamme.) — Boehmer, De Hydr. Pec- toris. Hal. 1784. — Hiitter, Observ. Med. No. 35. (Cured by paracent.), et No. 34. —Lettsom, in Mem. of Med. Soc. of Lond. vol. i. — Knebel, De Hydrothorace, 4to: Witt. 1795. — Piderit, Practische Annal. st. i. p. 46.— Rei, Memor. Clinic. fasc. iv. No. 3.—J. P. Frank, Interp. Clinic. i. p. 118. (18 pints of water.) ; et Act. Inst. Clin. Viln. Ann. ii, p. 266.— Darwin, Zoonomia, vol. ii.— Harles, Opera Minora Acad, vol. i. p. 383, 8vo. 1815, (Hydrothorax phlogisticus.)— A. G. Richter, Die Spe- cielle Therapie, t. ili. p. 199. — Wendt, Annal. des Klin. Instit. heft. 1, p. 64. (Squills with tartar. tron and arom.) — Autenrieth, Observat. in Hydrothoracem, &c. Tub. 1809. — Spangenberg, in Forn’s Archiv. 1809, p. 40.— Dupuy, in Journ. Génér, de Méd, t. xxxiii. p. 19. (Digit- alis with assafeetida and squilis.) — Bliimm, De Hyer. Pectoris. Wurc. 1806. — Larrey, in Mém. de la Soc. Méd. d’Emulation, t. vi. p. 354. (16 pints of water.) —Lul- Hier, in Journ. de Méd. Contin. t. xvii. p. 221. (Paracente- cis.) — Mursinna, Journ. f. d. Chirur. b. vi. st. 2. p. 6. 10. — L. Maclean, On the Nat. Causes, and Cure of Hydro- thorax, 8vo, Ludb. 1810.—Rev. in Edin. Med. Journ. vol.vi. p. 474. — Robertson, in Ibid. vol. x. p. 295,— Hall, in Ibid. vol. viii. p. 303. —Henderson, in Ibid. vol. xvi. p. 529. — Hamilton, On the Prepar. and Administration of Di- gitalis, &c. Lond. 8vo. 1810.— Hufeland, in Journ. der Pract. Heilk. May, 1812, p. 24. (Calomel with oxide of xine and optum.) — Itard, in Dict. des Sciences Méd. t. xxii. p. 489. -— Broszus, in Journ. des Prog. t. xvii. p. 260. (Dz- gitalis and lactucarium in large and frequent doses.) — Laennec, On Dis. of the Chest. Transl. 3d ed. p. 491. — Leroux, {Cours sur les Généralités de la Méd. Pratique, t. vii. p. 36.. et seq. — Laydet, Archives Génér. de Méd. t. xx. p. 430. — Rayer, in Dict. de Méd. t. xi. p. 460. — J. Frank, Praxeos Medice, &c. vol. ii. pars ii. sect. i. p. 675. (See also the BrB.iocRAPHY of Dropsy; and of Dropsy oF THE PERICARDIUM.) VIII. Dropsy, Concenrtrar (Hydrops Congeni- tus ; Dropsy of the Fetus and new-born Infant). 174. Derin.—Effusion of watery fluid in the serous cavities, or cellular tissue, generally con- 649 sequent upon disease of the mother, or upon organic change in the appendages, or in some of the viscera, of the foetus, or upon both causes, 175. Congenital effusions of fluid are found — (a) in the ventricles, or between the membranes of the encephalon ; (b) between the membranes of or in the spinal cord; (c) within both the head and the spinal canal, in the same case ; (d) in the abdominal cavity; (e) in the sub- cutaneous and other parts of the cellular tissue ; (f) in the cavities of the chest— the pericardiac and pleural; and, generally, in the above se- quence, as respects frequency of occurrence. They are observed in the foetus at the full term of utero-gestation, and in abortions chiefly during the middle and latter months; and are, with the associated diseases either of the uterus or of the appendages of the foetus, the cause of its death, or of its premature expulsion. 176. 1, Concentrat Hyprocepnarus (Hydro- ceph. congenitus) sometimes appears, as other forms of congenital dropsy, dependent upon dis- ease of the uterus, or on constitutional taint in the parent or parents, or upon organic change in the placenta or umbilical chord. In rare in- stances it has been associated with ascites in the mother, or with dropsy of the amnion; butit more frequently occurs without any such connection. In these latter cases it may be imputed to a mor- bid action seated in, and more strictly limited to, the membranes, or internal cavities of the brain. It is often attended by an arrest of the formation of the encephalon at some stage of the process ; but, in other cases, the brain is fully, if not more than usually, developed. When the fluid effused, either in the general cavity of the arachnoid, or in the ventricles, is considerable in amount, the ossi- fication of the cranial bones is interrupted gene- rally towards their sutures, but occasionally in other parts; and, in these situations, the mem- branes are often protruded to a greater or Jess extent, forming, with the scalp, a watery tumour (hydrencephalocele), which may be large at birth, or scarcely perceptible, and may subsequently disappear altogether, or become larger. When the effusion is chiefly in the ventricles, the dis- tended cerebral substance, and the membranes, with more or less of the fluid, constitute the tumour; unless the effusion has taken place pre- viously to, and thereby prevented, the develope- ment of the cerebral substance and hemispheres. Hence the character of the rupture depends upon the situation of the fluid ; and its form,upon the size of the aperture through which it presses, Some forms of the disease approach to hemi- cephaly ; a large portion of the cranium being wanting, and the protruding brain being covered by a thin membrane. In other cases, the opening is small, narrow, or cleft-like, and the protrusion is either small or has a narrow neck; the fluid being, in such cases, usually effused between the membranes. These ruptures are most frequent in the back of the head, in different parts of the occipital bone, and in the lambdoidal suture ; and less frequently in the top, sides, and front of the cranium. (See the Cases and Writers referred to.) 177. Congenital hydrocephalus arises at va- rious epochs of foetal existence. At the earliest periods, it interferes more or less with, or entirely arrests, the formation of the brain, and cranial