Cholera epidemics of recent years viewed in relation to former epidemics : a record of cholera in the Bengal Presidency from 1817 to 1872 / by James L. Bryden.

  • Bryden, James L. (James Lumsdaine), 1833-1880.
Date:
1874
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Cholera epidemics of recent years viewed in relation to former epidemics : a record of cholera in the Bengal Presidency from 1817 to 1872 / by James L. Bryden. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.

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Illustration of revitalisation in the year following invasion in the eastern province ... ... 84 Rain-fall of an epidemic and a non-epidemic year in the eastern division ... ... ... 85 A year of excessive rain-fall is not necessarily a cholera year as shown by the exemption of the Central Provinces in 1867 ... ... ... ... ... ... 86 Contrast between the aspect of the plains of Berar and Khandeish and the plateau of Central India, essential to be recognised ... ... ... ... ... ... 86 The meteorology attending the occupation of the southern epidemic highway ... ... 86 General deduction from the facts of the seasons and circumstances of invasion ... ... 86 May epidemic distribution take place while the cholera miasm is in a state of dormancy ? ... ... 87 The aura of an epidemic .., t ... ... ... ... ... ... 87 General deductions regarding the relation of epidemic cholera to humidity ... ... ... 88 The essentials for epidemic manifestation ... ... ... ... ... ... 87 The effects of aerial influences recognised by previous observers ... ... ... ... 88 Baly’s unknown cause of the fluctuations of epidemic manifestation ... ... ... 89 Presence of cholera in different months demonstrative of the effects of aerial influences ... ... 89 The vehicle of moisture in districts beyond the primary range of monsoon agencies ... ... 90 The rate at which cholera travels is to be calculated only in relation to provincial manifestation ... 90 Parallel occurrences result from the subordination of cholera to a definite meteorology ... ... 90 Importance to the meteorological observer of the recognition of natural provinces ... ... 91 The limits of natural provinces are not transgressed by epidemic cholera, and the provincial limitation of epidemic cholera negatives the theory that its primary distribution is due to human agency ... 91 CHAPTER VI. THE PHENOMENA OF REPRODUCTION IN EACH YEAR OF AN EPIDEMIC, AND THE DURATION OF THE EPI- DEMIC IN YEARS. Summary of generalisations regarding the reproduction ... ... ... ... 93 Duration of epidemics. Normal duration of cholera in the epidemic area ... ... ... 93 Re-invasion before the decay of the cholera of the preceding epidemic as obscuring the phenomenon of disappearance ... ... ... . ... ... 94 Epidemic history. The value of indices as illustrative of the general facts of unrecorded epidemics ... 94 Study as a type of the epidemic of 1817-20 ... ... ... ... ... 95 General history of epidemic cholera between 1820 and 1855 ... ... ... .. 98 Indices derived from the history of the epidemics of 1826-29 and 1830-33 ... ... ... 99 Cholera of 1833-34 in Northern India ... .. ... ... ... ... 101 Cholera of 1833-34 in the Central Provinces and Western India ... ... ... ... 102 The cholera of 1836-39 in the endemic area and eastern division ... ... ... ... 103 The invading cholera of 1837 on the southern epidemic highway .. ... ... 104 Cholera of Northern India of 1837-38 ... ... ... ... ... 105 Cholera of the province of the south-west monsoon proper of 1839 ... ... ... 106 Choleroid fever and Maiwa sweating sickness of 1839 ... ... ... ... 107 Indices of the duration and distribution of the epidemic of 1840-44 ... ... ... 108 Position in epidemic history of the frontier cholera of 1844 and 1845 ... ... ... 109 Persia a portion of a cholera province of Hindostan ... ... ... ... ... 109 History of primary invasion in the epidemic of 1841-44 ...» ... ... ... 110 The provincial distribution of the cholera of 1846 associated with the great Kurrachee outbreak ... Ill Indices of a new invasion from the East in 1844 and 1845 ... ... ... ... 113 Great Indian cholera of 1845 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 113 Place of the cholera of 1845-46 among European epidemics ... ... ... ... 113 Conclusions regarding the cholera of Northern India of 1845-46 ... ... ... 114 Epidemic of 1849-52. Phenomena of the invasion of 1850 in Agra and Rajpootana ... ... 116 The cholera of 1849-50 on the southern epidemic highway ... ... ... ... 117 Cholera of 1851-52 in Northern India ... ... ... ... ... ... 118 Gangetic cholera of 1853; its aura and subsequent manifestation ... ... ... 115 The cholera of the epidemics of 1850 and 1854 beyond the limits of Hindostan ... ... 118 Interval preceding the epidemic of 1856 in Northern India ... ... ... ... 118 The re-occupation of the southern epidemic highway in 1860 ... ... ... ... 118 The epidemic of 1863-65 in Upper India and on the southern highway ... ... ... 119 The starting point of the cholera of Europe of 1865-66 ... ... ... ... 120 Conclusion regarding the parallels afforded by the epidemics of the past fifty years ... ... 121 The direction in which the exit of epidemic cholera from Hindostan occurs, and the phenomena that ought to be studied on the occasion of an invading cholera reaching a foreign country ... 122 CHAPTER VII. THE CHOLERA OF THE EPIDEMIC AREA OF 1866-69. Minimum of manifestation preceding the invasion of the new epidemic of 1866 ... ... 123 The epidemic of 1866 in its endemic home previous to its appearance in the epidemic area ... 124 Advance from out of the endemic area towards the north and north-west, with the monsoon of 1866 ... 125 Effects of,the meteorology of 1866 in retarding and accelerating the movement of the epidemic ... 125 The geography of fevers in October 1866, illustrating the effects of a meteorology favourable to the epidemic advance of cholera in the same month ... ... ... ... 126 First indications of advance into the western division of the epidemic area of the new invading cholera of 1866 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 127 Meteorology attending the appearance of the invading cholera of Agra and Rajpootana of October and November ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 128 Geography of the dormant cholera of the cold season of 1866-67 and the anticipations regarding its distribution after revitalisation ... ... ... ... ... ... 129 The revitalisation of the cholera of the Beliar Provinces, and epidemic advance from the east into Oude in March and April 1867, and into Cawnpore and the districts south of the Jumna in May ... ... :.. ... ... ... ... ... 130 Spring revitalisation in the states of Rajpootana affected in the end of 1866 ... ... ... 130 The minimum of prevalence towards the southern margin of the area affected in 1867, and the geographical continuity of this with the exempted area of the year ... ... ... 130