The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals / by A. Chauveau ; second edition, revised and enlarged, with the co-operation of S. Arloing.

  • Fleming George, 1833-1901.
Date:
1873
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals / by A. Chauveau ; second edition, revised and enlarged, with the co-operation of S. Arloing. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

    73/1036 (page 25)
    from the second to the tenth vertebra, the summit of the spinous process is large and tuberculous; in the last seven it is flattened laterally. Their obliquity is less marked as they proceed backwards; in the sixteenth and seventeenth vertebrte, the spinous process is nearly vertical; it inclines slightly forward in the eighteenth. Those of the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth vertebrte are slightly curved like an S. 4. The articular processes, from the first to the tenth vertebra, gradually contract and approach the median line; in the succeeding vertebras they, on the contrary, increase, and become concave and wider apart from those of the opposite side. 5. The volume of the transverse processes and the size of their diarthrodial facets diminish from before to behind. In the three first vertebrfe this facet is concave; in the first nine the articular facet looks outwards and backwards, while the facet on the body looks forwards ; in the last the two facets are directed forwards. These two facets are generally confounded in the seventeenth and eighteenth vertebras. The first dorsal vertebra much resembles the prominens; it is distinguished from it, however, by the presence of four diarthrodial facets on its extremities. It also diflers from the other vertebrte by the shortness of its spinous process, which terminates in a point; by the size and prominence of its articular processes; and by the depth of its notches. The last vertebra never has facets on the contour of its posterior cavity.^ 3. Lumbar Vertehrce. General Chaeactees.—A little longer and wider than the dorsal vertebras, which they resemble in the arrangement of their bodies, these vertebrae are characterised: 1, By theii- short, thin, and wide spinous processes, which are slightly inclined forwards, and are provided at their summits with a scabrous tubercle; 2, By their largely developed transverse processes, flattened above and below, and directed horizontally outwards; ^ 3, By the salient anterior articular processes, hollowed out on each side, and provided externally with a tubercle for insertion; 4, By their equally prominent posterior articular processes, rounded in the form of a half-hinge. Specii'ic Chaeaotebs.—The characteristics which may serve to distinguish these vertebrae from one another are derived from the body, and the spinous and tranverse processes. 1. From the first to the last there is a progressive diminution in the vertical diameter of the bodies, and an increase in their transverse diameter. The inferior spine on the body becomes shorter and wider from the fii-st to the last vertebra; in the six vertebrre it resembles an elongated triangle whose summit is directed forwards. 2. The spinous processes decrease in width from before to behind, and their anterior border becomes more and more concave; their summits are thickened and tuberculous in the three fii'st, and thin and sloping forward in the three last. _ 3. The transverse processes are longer in the middle vertebras than in those placed before and behind. The processes in the first and ' In well-formed horses, it is not uncommon to find nineteen dorsal vertebra) with an equal number of ribs; though in tliese instances there arc most frequently onlv li'vo lumbar vertebraj. Husson and Goubaux have sometimes met with nineteen and fl,,. ver™bl/ ' til™ only seventeen dorsal ^ It iia. been correctly stated that these processes are the representatives of rndi mentary ribs winch have become united to Uie vertebra). Therefore it is that til., frequently designated costiform processes. i^^i-ioic it is Uiat they are