Clinical chemistry : an account of the analysis of blood, urine, morbid products, etc., with an explanation of some of the chemical changes that occur in the body, in disease / by Charles Henry Ralfe.

  • Ralfe C. H. (Charles Henry), 1842-1896.
Date:
1883
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Clinical chemistry : an account of the analysis of blood, urine, morbid products, etc., with an explanation of some of the chemical changes that occur in the body, in disease / by Charles Henry Ralfe. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

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    arrange themselves in series, the members of which differ from one another by CH2 or by some multiple of CH,. Thus we have formic acid CH202, acetic acid C2H40„, propionic acid C3H802, and so on. Series of this kind are termed homologous series, and the members are said to be homologues of one another. (a) Hydrocarbon radicals. From the above con- siderations, we deduce, as the general formula for a saturated hydrocarbon, the expression CnH,,l + 2, in which n may denote any number of atoms If a hydrocarbon contains a less number of hydrogen atoms than the above formula requires, it is, or may be, a radical; that is, it may exist in compounds, and play therein the part of an elementary atom.' Some hydrocarbons, however, which appear from their formulae to be unsaturated are really saturated, or at any rate have an atomicity less than that indicated by the above theory. It is not necessary in this work to enter into the theoretical explanation of this apparent anomaly. The atomicity of such a radical must obviously depend on the number of hydrogen, or other monad atoms required to complete it. Thus the radical CH is a monad, CH2 a diad, and CH a triad. Their function m compounds is well illustrated by their chlorides, which are strictly comparable to metallic chlorides. Chloride of sodium NaCl zinc ZnCl2 bismuth BiCls methyl CHaCl. methylene CH2C12 formyl CHC13 Those of the hydrocarbon radicals which contain an even number of hydrogen atoms are capable of existing m the separate state, and most, but not all of tnem, have actually been prepared. Ethylene C H and acetylene C H2, are examples. Those, on tte other hand, which contain an uneven number, such as