Postencephalitic respiratory disorders : review of syndromy, case reports, physiopathology, psychopathology and therapy / by Smith Ely Jelliffe.

  • Jelliffe, Smith Ely, 1866-1945.
Date:
1927
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Licence: In copyright

Credit: Postencephalitic respiratory disorders : review of syndromy, case reports, physiopathology, psychopathology and therapy / by Smith Ely Jelliffe. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    or the fatigue brought out by excessive exercise, or following an infection or a toxemia. They are observable in the postencephalitic behavior disorders, respiratory as well as other types of behavior, from the slightest and subtlest of purely psychogenic stimuli. It is a commonplace of modern day, even of ancient time psy¬ chiatry, that the sick individual was more than keenly alive to his surroundings. In present day terms the uncannily wise unconscious has come through the resistance of the repressing superego mental system and comes into direct intuitive contact with the surroundings. Like the so-called sensitive “ medium ” they “ divine ” inimical forces about them. As the lower animal that feels the intonation quality of the master’s voice, so, not only the psychotic but the post¬ encephalitic, is keenly alive to the most silent of influences. The slightest frown of a parent is enough to raise the devil in the behavioristic response. It does so with the respiration as well. This whole problem of the relationships between the psychical and vegetative processes cannot be entered into here, but the encepha¬ litic syndromy has forced it into great prominence, at the same time offering much of importance in the analysis of the complicated processes involved. One aspect of this is taken up later.1 To return to the medullary and higher localization hypotheses one can turn to Turner and Critchley’s excellent resume, as well as Wilson’s 2 study unless a complete review of the entire respiratory mechanism is attempted. This would require a monograph and more knowledge than I could ever hope to acquire. The earlier students, says Turner and Critchley, following Wilson, place this respiratory center at various locations in the central nervous system. A rapid glance at the cinematograph reproductions of the respira¬ tory behavior in case II will emphasize the participation of the facial musculature. Hence Wilson’s discussion of this aspect of respiratory behavior may be quoted in extenso since it falls in line so neatly with the underlying thesis of this presentation. Wilson writes: “ The physiological association of facial and respiratory muscula¬ tures in the expression of emotion scarcely calls for any comment, 1 The interested reader will find much of interest particularly in the study of Hess, Ueber die Wechselwirkungen zwischen psychischen und vegetativen Funktionen, Fussli, Zurich, 1925 ; Kuppers’ studies chiefly in the Zeit. f. d. g. Neur. & Psych., 75, 1922, 1, 83, 1923, 247 and later, and Lotmar, Die Stamm- ganglion und die extrapyramidale motorischen Syndrome, Springer, 1926. 2 Wilson, S. A. K. Pathological Laughing and Crying. Jour. Neur. & Psychopath., 4, 1924, 299.