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A distressed young woman protests her innocence and prays before the judge and the counsel of the Spanish inquisition. Aquatint by J.P.M. Jazet, 1839, after S.J.E. Jones. Wellcome Collection. Public Domain Mark. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Under th inquisitorial procedure, the pretrial hearing for bringing a possible indictment is usually under the control of a judge whose responsibilities include the investigation of all aspects of the case, whether favourable or unfavourable to either the prosecution or defense
The pleading young lady is restrained by hooded monks while a priest draws her attention to the cross he holds in his right hand
The Spanish Inquisition was a council to combat heresy, authorized by a papal bull in 1478 and established by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella in 1480 as responsible to the Crown, not the Church. It used secret procedures and judicial torture, and burning its victims in public ceremonials. With its independence from papal interference, the Inquisition soon became an instrument of the Spanish Crown's build-up of absolute power in the 16th and 17th century. It was finally abolished in 1834
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