New developments in biotechnology : U.S. investment in biotechnology.

  • United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Date:
1988
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: New developments in biotechnology : U.S. investment in biotechnology. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Institute* 1983 actual pL BA RS Ve AT PG ab EP ECR a! ee week th. 335,661 NESE oe ee ars See ats Lecce ey are 128,098 NIDA hei ey cea ee ae 13,743 NID DiKiry. cbicves Wed aie baler dared ee 198,863 RUIN Gy ao tian ne eee A et ae eee ns 105,212 NTAI ec ane ce ome eapeermme ES wry 206,465 NIGGAS Nee re Lore ctl eo aa te Renee 246,421 NICH DA eee HO aa eRe ee ORE 95,928 NET ou oetbtes, Biigas . eA eee ete HE aN: 22,080 NIEHS Rue Wise ianta me crdpebbewe ts, Silanes cigs 10,941 NTA Oh ad aie ee OIG eR am Aas Breer ar cet 6,222 NIAMS SRG ye ee cat ae ieee tr rats te ae eae —_ CRB ie eo ee NER ect a ue 66,738 NENA als ai desc it ere ae eas eta hone one — TPOTAD ers OR Eee Rh AO Eee SET Reece 1,436,372 1984 actual 1985 actual 1986 actual 1987 actual 379,737 561,325 559,281 645,588 154,783 145,215 150,226 169,980 14,170 20,802 21,579 22,003 224,237 161,354 163,300 246,660 123,652 142,413 149,758 158,989 221,204 224,828 229,300 297,003 280,311 282,169 308,775 - 356,100 108,065 123,673 122,837 161,215 28,792 35,225 33,780 37,695 10,918 13,438 13,714 14,556 9,134 13,912 14,775 20,328 — 40,757 29,700 48,903 87,222 82,034 82,972 96,181 = a 100 750 1,642,225 1,847,145 1,880,097 2,275,951 Resources; National Library of Medicine. SOURCE: National Institutes of Health, 1988. lated to the proportion of recombinant DNA research in the total research effort. Thus, some overestimation of the amount going directly to research probably occurs. In recent years, there has been increasing pres- sure from the White House and others for NIH to expand its biotechnology support (1,11). NIH maintains that it best supports the scientific base necessary for biotechnology by approving the best basic research proposals submitted to the Insti- tutes for funding. At a 1985 meeting of the NIH director’s advisory committee, representatives of some of the smaller biotechnology companies ar- gued for funding by NIH of more generic applied research, those areas requiring intensive capital and posing high risk, such as bioprocessing tech- nologies. They also suggested that NIH promote “intellectual support” for biotechnology compa- nies, allowing NIH scientists to consult with in- dustry, a policy already in the process of change at the time of the meeting. In 1987, an NIH committee began drafting guide- lines that will give companies unprecedented ac- cess to NIH resources. These guidelines are in re- sponse to the Technology Transfer Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-502), which requires Federal lab- oratories and their scientists to share their work with industry. Under the guidelines, companies will be guaranteed exclusive licensing rights to the fruits of any research undertaken with a gov- ernment laboratory. In addition, NIH scientists will be encouraged to seek commercial applications for their work through a system of incentives that includes a share of the royalties gained from prod- uct development. The opening of NIH laboratory doors offers great promise to commercial biotech- nology, which is so reliant on research funded by NIH and research conducted by NIH scientists (2). Other important resources for biotechnology firms supported by NIH are the Human Mutant Cell Repository, a cell bank in Camden, NJ, and GenBank®, the nucleic acid sequence data bank, which is also supported by DOE. BIONET is a re- source for providing analytical services regard- ing DNA and protein sequences.