Outlines of theoretical chemistry / by Lothar Meyer ; translated by P. Phillips Bedson and W. Carleton Williams ; with a preface by the author.

  • Meyer, Lothar, 1830-1895.
Date:
1892
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Outlines of theoretical chemistry / by Lothar Meyer ; translated by P. Phillips Bedson and W. Carleton Williams ; with a preface by the author. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    is obvious that no element can be strictly equivalent to another. It is only equivalent in certain respects—namely, in its capacity for uniting with a third substance, or displacing it in a com- pound. We regard as equivalent weights of the elements those quantities which have in this respect the same value, and we compare them as we do the atomic weights with one part by weight of hydrogen as unity. The equivalent weights of the elements are, therefore, those quantities of the elements which can enter into the same combinations as one part by weight or one atom of hydrogen, or can unite with one part by weight or one atom of hydrogen. The first definition holds good for the metals and semi-metals; the second is true of the non-metals, because all the latter can combine with hydrogen; but only a few of the metals are able to form hydrides. By means of this definition the equivalent weights can easily be determined by experiment. One part by weight of hydrogen unites with— 19-06 parts by weight of fluorine 35-37 chlorine 79-76 bromine 126-54 iodine 7-98 parts by weight of oxygen 15-99 sulphur 39-48 selenium 62-50 tellurium 4-67 parts by weight of nitrogen 10-32 „ phosphorus 24-97 arsenic 39-87 antimony 2-99 parts by weight of carbon 7-08 „ silicon One part by weight of hydrogen is replaced in its compounds bv the following quantities of different metals. These^ quan- tities of the metals will consequently be able to unite with the non-metals in the proportions stated in the preceding table, e.g.