Volume 1

Quain's elements of anatomy / edited by Edward Albert Schäfer and George Dancer Thane.

Date:
1895-1898
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Quain's elements of anatomy / edited by Edward Albert Schäfer and George Dancer Thane. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by King’s College London. The original may be consulted at King’s College London.

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    THE SPINAL CORD. SPINAL CORD. The spmal cord of spinal marrow (medulla spinalis) is about 18 inches (45 centimeters) long, and extends from the margin of the foramen magnum of the occi- S bone to aboi^t the lower part of the body of the first lumbar vertebra. Above Ft i continued into the bulb (medulla oblongata); below, it tapers conically and ends in a slender filament, flumjmameovurdnd^^^^^^ of the spmal cord A though the cord usually ends near the lower border of the body o the first lumbar vertebra, its termination is sometimes . little above or below that pomt, as 2.-SECTI0KS SHOWING THE GENERAL RELATIONS OF THE SPINAL COED TO THE IKCLOSING THEOA, AND OF THIS TO THE VERTEBRAL CANAL. (Key and KetZlUS.) A. through the fifth cervical vertebra; B, through the tenth '^^-^^J^g^^/,^ ^^l, f^^^^^^^ lumbar vertebra and the foramen of exit of the twelfth dorsal nerve-roots ; D, through t^Y^^*^ he second and third lumbar vertebr. ; E, through the first sacral ^^«^tete^^^^^ f^^^ covered by pia mater, is seen in the centre, wj h the I'S^^^^^^^^'f^ J'J^^^;^^^^^ downwards to side • the nerve-roots on either side form small groups which, since tley pass oduc^« ? ^ tleir foramina of exit, are cut across ; the dura^atral sheath is -Pf the ve ll This the cord, and by a quantity of loose areolar and fatty ^^VTf \h^ cJrd an I s^ow sections of tissue is in smaller anxount in C. D and E are below tl^^termination of tbe coirt an the nerve-bundles of the cauda equina within the dural sheath, ^^^/^li^^^'y/^^'f^^ in this are tively small in B, the vertebral canal in the latter being largely °«^3f„ ^^^Srese sections, seen the sections of two large veins. The arachnoid is not represented in any of these sectio opposite to the last dorsal or to the second lumbar vertebra. The PO^tion of t^^^^^ lower end of the cord also varies according to the state of ^^'^^^^'l^^'^^^^ column, in the flexion forwards of which the end of the coi^ is ^ 'g^tlj^^ f the foetus, at an early period, the embryonic cord occupies the ^'^f^ ^^^^ vertebral canal ; but after the third month, the canal and roots of t,e ]^u^nM^ and sacral nerves begin to grow more rapidly than the cord ^^.^^^'^^^^^^^^^^^^ lower end reaches only to the third lumbar vertebra. After bn-th thoiac^c j^^^ of the cord lengthens proportionately more than the otherparts, ff^^^^ the roots of the lower dorsal nerves come off relatively higher up than at a later a,e (Pfitzner).