An introduction to the osteology of the Mammalia : being the substance of the course of lectures delivered at the Royal college of surgeons of England in 1870 / By William Henry Flower.

  • Flower, William Henry, 1831-1899.
Date:
1870
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: An introduction to the osteology of the Mammalia : being the substance of the course of lectures delivered at the Royal college of surgeons of England in 1870 / By William Henry Flower. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The University of Leeds Library. The original may be consulted at The University of Leeds Library.

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    called condyles (Fig. 109, ec and /V). The slightly elevated roughed portions of bone above the articular condyles are termed the tuberosities. The femur has a main centre of ossification for the shaft, . and epiphysial centres for the head, for each trochanter, and for the lower extremity. (See Fig. 109.) In most Mammals the great trochanter and head coalesce together before they join the shaft. The lower epiphysis is the last to become united. The skeleton of the second segment of the limb consists of two bones, the tibia and fibula} of which the former is the larger in all Mammals. These bones always lie in their primitive, unmodified position, parallel to each other, the tibia on the preaxial, and the fibula on the postaxial side, and are never either permanently crossed or capable of any considerable amount of rotation, as in the corre- sponding bones of the fore limb. In the ordinary walking position the tibia is internal, and the fibula external. The tibia has an expanded proximal end, with a flat- tened articular surface, divided into two slightly concave facets, by a rough median eminence, to which the intra- articular or crucial ligaments of the knee-joint are attached. The shaft is usually more or less trihedral, with one flat surface directed backwards, and one border forwards. The upper end of this border is thickened into a rough tuberosity, into which the tendon of the great extensor muscles of the leg are inserted. The lower end is slightly expanded, and has a somewhat square articular surface to receive the proxi- mal bone of the tarsus, or astragalus. The inner (or pre- axial) side of the bone is prolonged beyond this surface, forming a process called iiitcmal vialleobis, which is applied ^ Also occasionally called peroiie, whence peroneal, applied to structures in relation with it.