Applied chemistry : in manufactures, arts, and domestic economy / edited by Edward Andrew Parnell.

  • Parnell, Edward A. (Edward Andrew)
Date:
1844
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Applied chemistry : in manufactures, arts, and domestic economy / edited by Edward Andrew Parnell. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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    PAGE. Woody tissue.—Cellular tissue.—Structure of the first year's stem of an exogen.— Manner of growth of exogens.—Medullary rays.—Duramen or heart-wood.—Al- burnum or sap-wood.—Origin of woody tissue.—Endogens 64 Seasoning of wood 66 Density of different kinds of wood 67 Soluble matters in wood.—Vegetable albumen.—Starch • • • • 68 Preparation and properties of pure lignin.—Dextrin.—Starch Sugar.—Composition of oak-wood and beech-wood.—Researches of M. Payen on wood.—Cellulose.— Products of the destructive distillation of wood.—Flame of burning wood.—Wood smoke.—Heating power of different kinds of wood in a state of combustion.— Composition of wood ashes 68 § II.—Nature and Causes of the Decay of Wood 73 Decay of woody fibre a process of oxidation.—Eremecausis 73 Decay of wood always produced by the contact of another body undergoing a simi- lar change 75 Decay of wood closely analogous to acetification 75 Albuminous matter in wood acts as a ferment 76 Processes for ascertaining the proportion of albuminous matter in wood 76 § HI.—Preservative Materials 76 Decay of wood may be prevented by removing the albumen, or by preventing its de- composition 76 Removal of the albumen by water 76 Corrosive sublimate 77 Action of corrosive sublimate confined to the albumen 77 Process for applying corrosive sublimate 77 Protection of wood by the application of a varnish 78 List of preservative materials 78 Sulphate of copper, sulphate of iron, and sulphate of zinc 78 Alkalies and alkaline earths 78 Alum 79 Common salt 79 Vegetable and animal oils 79 Vapor from fixed oils 79 Arsenious acid.—Mundic water 79 Tannin.—Durability of wood imbedded in bogs 80 Creosote 80 Tar 80 Oil of wood-tar 80 Peroxide of tin ; perchloride of tin.—Oxide of copper; nitrate of copper; chloride of copper 81 Solution of bitumen in oil of turpentine 81 Yellow chromate of potash ; bichromate of potash.—Solution of caoutchouc.—Lime- water of gas-works.—Beeswax and turpentine.—Drying oil and turpentine 81 Chloride of zinc (Sir W. Burnett's patent) 81 Iron liquor 82 Boucherie's experiments to determine the relative amount of protection from decay afforded by corrosive sublimate, sulphate of iron, iron liquor, and arsenious acid. 82 § IV.—Modes of applying Preservative Agents 82 Application of the aspirative force of the tree suggested by Dr. Boucherie.—Process of impregnating wood with a liquid by aspiration.—Different liquids are une- qually absorbed.—A more advantageous mode of impregnation.—The most porous woods are not those most easily penetrated.—Process for impregnating seasoned timber.—Apparatus used at the Portsmouth dock-yard for injecting into wood a solution of chloride of zinc 83 § V.—Other Effects of the Impregnation of Wood with Foreign Sub- stances 85 The hardness of the wood increased 85 The flexibility and elasticity of wood preserved 85 Experiments of Mr. Hyett on the deflection of larch and beech impregnated with different substances 85