Applied chemistry : in manufactures, arts, and domestic economy / edited by Edward Andrew Parnell.

  • Parnell, Edward A. (Edward Andrew)
Date:
1844
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Applied chemistry : in manufactures, arts, and domestic economy / edited by Edward Andrew Parnell. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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    PAGE. Strength of the wood may be increased or diminished 87 Resinous and non-resinous trees require different treatment • 87 Inflammability and combustibility of wood reduced by impregnation with foreign sub- stances 87 Tendency to warp diminished 88 Application of colors to wood by the aspirative process 88 Density of wood increased by foreign substances 89 Tables showing the specific gravity of prepared larch and beech 89 Table embodying the principal results of Mr. Hyett's experiments on the best ma- terials for preserving wood 90 III.—DYEING AND CALICO-PRINTING. Dyeing a chemical art.—Object of dyeing , 92 § I.—History of Dyeing and Calico-Printing 92 Dyeing practised from time immemorial in the East.—Tyre celebrated for its dyers. —Tyrian purple.—Dyers of ancient Greece and Rome 92 Progress of dyeing in Europe affected by the invasion of the Northern barbarians in the 5th century.—The art did not revive Until the 12th or 13th century.—Flor- entine dyers 93 Progress of the art affected by the discovery of America.—Application of a salt of tin.—Use of logwood and indigo prohibited.—Madder introduced.—Application of mineral colors.—Turkey red 93 Proficiency of the ancients in topical dyeing.—Variegated linen cloths of Sidon.— Derivation of the term calico-printing.—Pliny's account of the Egyptian process of topical dyeing.—Pallampoors.—Topical dyeing in Mexico 94 Progress of calico-printing in Europe.—Printed cottons and linens of Augsburg.— First print-ground in England.—Calico-printing favored by the prohibition of the importation of chintzes.—Duty imposed on printed calicos.—Wearing of all print- ed calicos prohibited in 1720.—A mixed fabric of linen and cotton was allowed to be printed in 1730, and the uniform cotton fabric in 1774.—Duty of three- pence-halfpenny per square yard repealed in 1831 94 Mechanical improvements in calico-printing.—A copper-plate the first improvement on the wooden hand printing block.—Invention of cylinder or roller printing.— Capabilities of cylinder printing.—Surface printing.—Mule machine.—Press ma- chine 95 Chemists who investigated the principles of dyeing during the last century.—Appli- cation of chlorine for bleaching.—Introduction of mineral colors.—Antimony, or- ange, and manganese bronze first introduced by Mr. Mercer, and the two chro- mates of lead by M. Koechlin 96 § II.—General Properties of Vegetable Coloring Matters 96 Only a few have been isolated in a pure state.—General composition.—Action of humid air.—Action of acids and alkalies.—Many organic coloring matters are feeble acids.—Lakes.—The attraction of coloring matters for insoluble bases is chemical affinity, and not a mere surface attraction 96 Action of chlorine, chromic acid, and sulphurous acid, on organic coloring matters. —Animal charcoal.—Several coloring matters are oxides of colorless radicals. Deoxidizing agents.—Other coloring matters form colorless hydrurets 98 Coloring matters attach themselves to tissues.—Divisions of coloring matters into two classes.—Mode of applying members of each class to tissues 99 Nature of color 10O List of vegetable and animal coloring matters 201 Alkanet 101 Annatto. 101 Archil, litmus, turnsole, cudbear jqj Barwood, camwood 102 Brazil-wood, sapan-wood, Fernambouc wood, peach-wood, Nicaragua-wood jqo < latechu, or terra Japonica 102 Cocbint :il; coccinellin ]0o French berries; Avignon berries; Persian berries 10$> Fustet, or yellow fustic 102 Fustic, or old fustic Iqo