The vegetable kingdom, or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants : illustrated upon the natural system / by John Lindley ; with upwards of five hundred illustrations.

  • Lindley, John, 1799-1865.
Date:
MDCCCXLVIII [1847]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The vegetable kingdom, or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants : illustrated upon the natural system / by John Lindley ; with upwards of five hundred illustrations. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by King’s College London. The original may be consulted at King’s College London.

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    NATURAL SYSTEMS. [Where references are given after the names of Orders, in this part of the present work, they refer to the page where such Orders are to be found in the succeeding sheets]. 1703. Ray, John.—(Methodus Plantarum emenclatcc et aucta). Here we have the germ of the present methods of natural arrangement. In fact the first divisions of the Vegetable Kingdom, proposed by Ray, are identical with those of Jussieu. Like him, he proceeded from the more imperfect to the most highly organised forms ; the only difference being that ho placed Dicotyledons before Monocotyledons. The author’s words are “ Floriferas dividemus in dicotylcdones, quorum semina sata binis foliis anomalis, seminalibus dictis, quse cotyledonum usum prsestant, e terra exeunt, vel in binos saltern lQbos dividuntur, quamvis eos supra terrain foliorum specie non efferant ; et monocotyledones qute nec folia seminalia bina efferunt nec lobos binos condunt. Htec divisio ad arbores etiam extendi potest : siquidem palmae et congeneres hoc respectu eodem modo a reliquis arboribus differunt quo monocotyledones a rehquis lierbis.” His plan was this :— Plants are either Flowerless, or Flowering ; and these are Dicotyledones, or Monocotyledones. Among the genera of Ray, which were what we now call Natural Orders, were Fungi, Mosses, Ferns, Composites, Cichoracese, Umbellifers, Papilionaceous plants, Conifers, Labiates, &c., under other names, but with limits not very different from those now assigned to them. 1751. LiNNiEUS, Charles.—(Philosoplna Botamca). “ Plants omnes utrinque affinitatem monstrant, uti Territorium in mappa geographical’ The following is the Natural distribution first proposed by Linnseus, under the name of Fragments. Many of his groups were taken from his predecessors ; others were contrived by himself. At a later period they underwent some alteration ; but the list now given will serve to show the learned author’s plan. He never assigned any cha- racters to these Fragments. 1. Piperit.f. Arum, Ac. Piper, Phytolacca. 2. PALMA. Corypha, Ac., Cycas. 3. Scitamixa. Musa, Canna, Amomum, Ac. 4. Orchidism. As now. 5. Exbatm. Iris, dec., Xyri3, Eriocaulon, Aphyl- lanthea. f>. Tripktaujidp.m. Butomus, Alisma,Sagittaria. 7. DttnvDAT/p.. Crocus, Ac. 8. Spathacrm. Leucoium, Amaryllis, Ac. 9. Conn*a rim. Omithoga!um, Scilla, Ac. 10. Liuackm. Lilium, Tulipa, Ac. 11. Mcute atm. Bromelia, Ac. 12. Coadcxata!. Anona, Magnolia, Ac., Then. 13. Calamarim. Scirpus, Ac., Juncus ? 14. ORAMfVA. As now. 15. Comipp.rm. Abies, Pin ns, Ac. 16. Amevtack/R. Pistada, Alnus, Populus, Jug- Ians, Qnercua, Ac. 17. Xucamkxtack/r. Xanthium, Iva, Ac. 18. Aooreoatjr. Statlce, Protea, Hebenstreitia, Brunia, Valeriana, Boerhaavla, Clrcsca?Ac. 19. hrM^T,. Viburnum, Komleletin, C'asslne, Khns, Hex. C'allicnrpa, hawsonia, Ac. 20. SScabridm. Ficus, Ac. 21. CoMrosrr.-F. As now, nearly. 22. Umbkllatm. As now. 23. MrjLTiscuquyK. Modem Crowfoots. 24. Bicornes. Azalea, Myrsine, Memecylon, San- talum, Ac. 25. Sepiaiuaj. Jasminum, Ligustrum, Brunfelsia, Ac. 2G. Culm ini je. Tilia, Bixa, Dillenia, Clusia, Ac. 27. Vaojnalks. Polygonum, Laurus, Ac. 28. Corydalks. Meliunthus,Fpimedium,Fumaria, Monotropa ? Ac. 29. Contorti. Kauwolfia, Vinca, Asclepias, Ac. 30. Rhceades. Pnpaver, Podophyllum, Ac. 31. Putaminba. Capparis, Ac. 32. Campanacbi. Convolvulus, Lobelia, Viola, Ac. 33. hum dm. Solanum, Ac., Celsia, Digitalis. 34. Coi.i'm.vikkitjr» Cmnellla, Gossypium, Ment- zelia, Ac., hut chiefly Mallowworts. 35. Sbnticos/k. Itoseworts exclusively. 36. C'omoaas. Spirii-a, Filipenduia, A mucus. 37. Pomace/k. Punica, Pyrus, Ac., Hibes. 38. I)iu;PACRAi. As now. 39. Aniu-KTivA. Phllndclplms, and Myrtleblooms. 40. Calvcantiikmjk. (Kuolhera, Ac., Lythrum, Olaux, Kliexia. 41. Hempbhidras. Citrus, Sty rax, Garcinln. 42. Caryopii yi.lei. Cloveworts, with Frankonla and .Sclernntlius. 43. Aspkrifoli/e. The modem Bomgeworts.