Physiology practicums : explicit directions for examining portions of the cat, and the heart, eye, and brain of the sheep, as an aid in the study of elementary physiology.

  • Wilder, Burt G. (Burt Green), 1841-1925.
Date:
1895
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Physiology practicums : explicit directions for examining portions of the cat, and the heart, eye, and brain of the sheep, as an aid in the study of elementary physiology. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Gerstein Science Information Centre at the University of Toronto, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto.

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    away the muscles carefully so as to expose the xiphisternum, noting its peculiar shape and that the caudal third or fourth is cartilage. The same part in man is shorter and less shapely. § n. Remove the remaining abdominal parietes. From PI. IX recognize as many as possible of the viscera by their colors, textures and relative positions ; note the closeness with which they are packed, their overlappings and tlie smoothness of their surfaces, covered by peritoneum. § 12. The Mesentery.—The middle and caudal portion of the abdo- men is chiefly occupied by the irregular coils of the SMALL INTESTINE. Lift a loop of it and note that from one side extends a membrane connect- ing the,intestine with the adjacent parts of the intestine and with the dorsal wall of the abdomen ; this is the MESENTERY. With the tracer, close to the intestine, tear the membrane slightly and note that between it and the corresponding membrane from the opposite side is a little inter- val ; at or near the dorsal attachment of the mesentery the two layers again diverge, passing to the right and left respectively to become con- tinuous with the general peritoneal lining of the abdomen. From this it may be seen that the intestine lies between two layers of serosa, the ad- hesion of which constitutes the mesentery ; see Anatomical Technology, Fig. 78 ; compare with the thoracic septum, Plate VIII, and Pract. Ill, §30. § 13. The Mesenteric Vessels.—The mesentery is traversed by three kinds of vessels connected with the intestine :—(a) ARTERIES, carrying blood to it ; (d) VEINS, bringing from it blood which enters the PORTAL VEIN at the liver ; (c) LACTEALS, bringing chyle to the thoracic duct. The lacteals are probably invisible in ordinary alcoholic specimens, but may be seen in the special preparations and in animals killed shortly after taking fatty food ; Anatomical Technology, Fig. 103. Near the dorsal attachment of the mesentery may be seen one or two MESENTERIC GLANDS, which, like lactenls, are parts of the general LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. § 14. The Stomach and Small Intestine.—Through the esophagus in- flate the STOMACH, first completely to display its possible size, then mod- erately, and tie the esophagus. Displace the adjacent parts so as to expose the entire stomach. The esophagus opens into a larger, sub- globular portion, more at the left, nearer the heart, and called the CAR- DIAC region ; the more slender PYLORIC portion is flexed quite sharply on the other, and is continuous with the DUODENUM or first part of the small intestine. The PYLORUS, constituting the boundary between stomach and intestine, may be recognized by manipulation as a distinct thickening of the muscular coat ; § 22 c, and Anatomical Technology, Fig 79. a. The three commonly accepted divisions of the small intestine, DUODENUM, JEJUNUM and ILEUM, are not sharply defined although, in the cat, the first may well be regarded as coextensive with the attachment of the pancreas (PI. VI, D. § 15. The Spleen.—This is a dark red organ lying sinistro-caudad of tlie cardiac region of the stomach ; it is elongated and but loosely con- nected to the stomach by a fold of peritoneum. In man tlie spleen is mas- sive and its attachment is much more close. a. The cat's spleen varies considerably in size, but is never so compact as in man. b. The spleen is abundantly supplied with arteries and veins, but has no cavity or excretory duct; it is hence sometimes called a ductless gland. §16. The Pancreas.—This is a pale, lobulated organ attached quite closely along the duodenum, and sending an additional portion toward