Physiology practicums : explicit directions for examining portions of the cat, and the heart, eye, and brain of the sheep, as an aid in the study of elementary physiology.

  • Wilder, Burt G. (Burt Green), 1841-1925.
Date:
1895
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Physiology practicums : explicit directions for examining portions of the cat, and the heart, eye, and brain of the sheep, as an aid in the study of elementary physiology. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Gerstein Science Information Centre at the University of Toronto, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto.

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    PLATES REQUIRED : I, II, III, IV, V. A ligamentous skeleton of the arm should be available for examina- tion if possible. If all are supplied contiguous students should have a right and a left. A leg was saved from Pr. I. § i. Review the Segments, Joints and Larger Bones of the Arm from Plates I and II ; the scapula now appears to constitute a segment of the limb instead of a part of the trunk. § 2. Learn the Technical Names of the Five Digits (fingers] ; POI,- LEX (thumb); INDEX (forefinger); MEDIUS (middle-finger); ANNULARIS (ring-finger) : MINIMUS (little-finger). On PL V all are visible and named excepting the minimus. The pollex is the shortest, its attachment is most proximal and in the cat it is notopposable to the other digits like the human thumb. § 3. Determine whether the Arm be Right or Left as follows : Hold it in front of you, the hand downward and the elbow toward you ; if the pollex is toward your right the arm is the left ; if toward your left the arm is the right. § 4. Determine the Aspects of the Arm.—That which bears the pol- lex is next the thorax, and is the inner or ulnar ; the other is the outer or radial. a. There is liability to some confusion here since the pollex is in line with the radius ; but in the cat the radius is crossed upon the ulna so as to rotate (pronate) the hand and bring the pollex upon the ulnar side. b. The student may illustrate the two conditions upon his own arm as follows : If the hand be placed upon the table with the palm upward the pollex is outer and the two bones of the antibrachium (ulna and radius) are parallel, the radius as a whole lying upon the ''outer side. But if the palm be turned down the distal end of the radius crosses to the inner side of the ulna and the pollex likewise comes to be on the ulnar or inner side of the limb, as in the cat. §5. Remove the Skin from the Arm.—In Pract. I, §4, h, the skin was cut around the arm between the elbow and shoulder. It may be stripped to the wrist, everted as a closely-fitting glove-finger may be turned inside out. Cut it at or distad of the wrist. Its complete removal may require slitting along the dorsum of each digit. §6. With the Scissors Trim off the Muscles remaining attached to the dorsal or vertebral border of the scapula. Since the dorsal border of the scapula is convex the concavity of the curved scissors should be applied to it. The ragged remnants of the skin-muscle attached to the latissmus should also be cut off. ^ 7. With young cats the border of the scapula consists of a strip of cartilage which later is converted into bone. With the arthrotome or a pocket-knife cut a notch through the cartilage into the bone ; the former may be broken from the latter along their line of junction.