Volume 2

General and descriptive anatomy of the domestic animals / by John Gamgee and James Law.

Date:
1861-1862
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: General and descriptive anatomy of the domestic animals / by John Gamgee and James Law. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

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    notation. Rotation differs from circumduction in this, that the bone simply rotates on its own axis, without altering its position relatively to the rotation^ other bones. It may be effected by one bone rotating on a pivot-like process of another, as in the case of the atlas on the axis; by one rotating in an osseo-fibrous ring, as of the radius in its superior articulation with the ulna in carnivora; or by the rotation of a spheri- cal head in a cavity, as in the hip joint. Limited In the extremities of our domestic quadrupeds the movements of limbs of rotation and circumduction are much more limited than in the human animals. . subject, or the quadrumana, the principal movements, indeed, are those of flexion and extension. The reason of this is obvious, the limbs are employed as locomotive rather than prehensile organs, and to fulfil this purpose the greatest amount of solidity is required, a condition incompatible with great freedom of motion. Mobility has, accordingly, given place to strength, and we have free flexion and extension with very limited adduction, abduction, and rotation. The fore limbs of carnivora have considerable mobility, are capable, more- over, of performing pronation and supination, in accordance with the habits of these animals, which demand for those organs a certain pre- hensile power. These movements, however, though similar in kind, are much more limited than in the human subject. In describing the joints, the same order is adopted as in the descrip- tion of the bones, those of the vertebrae being first noticed, then those of the head, followed by those of the thorax and extremities. ARTICULATIONS OF THE SPINE OR VERTEBRAL COLUMN. Division of The joints of the vertebral column are of two kinds: 1st. The joints.ra articulations of the vertebrce with one another—intervertebral. 2nd. Articulations of the vertebrce with the head, ribs, and pelvis. I. INTERVERTEBRAL ARTICULATIONS. Articulating The vertebrae are connected with each other by their bodies and Bodies: their rings. The bodies join each other by their anterior and posterior surfaces!108 aspects. In the cervical region the anterior surface is represented by a true head, the posterior surface by a cotyloid cavity, for the re- ception of the head of the next vertebra. From the first dorsal verte- bra to the sacrum, these surfaces become gradually more and more flattened, though they invariably preserve their distinctive forms as Jr unrUeans far as the last-named region. They are connected by intervertebral