Congenital deformities of the upper extremities / by Arne Birch-Jensen.

  • Birch-Jensen, Arne (Arne Sofus Wind), 1910-
Date:
1949
Catalogue details

Licence: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Credit: Congenital deformities of the upper extremities / by Arne Birch-Jensen. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    amputated in early infancy, but the exostoses 011 metacarpal 4 will often disclose the previous presence of a digit 5 (Figs. 100 and 101, digit 5 ampu tated at the age of 6 months). Radio-ulnar defects. The radio-ulnar defects comprise the following deformities: 1) aplasia of radius and ulna = phocomelia 2) hypoplasia of radius and ulna = hypoplasia of forearm 3) aplasia of radialis 1 and 2, as well as ulnaris 5 4) aplasia of radialis 1 and ulnaris 5, as well as hypoplasia of radialis 3 5) aplasia of radialis 1 and ulnaris 5 6) aplasia of radialis 2 and ulnaris 5 7) aplasia of radialis 1, as well as hypoplasia of radialis 2 and ulnaris 5 (S) aplasia of ulnaris 5, as well as hypoplasia of radialis 3 and possibly ulnaris 4 9) hypoplasia of radialis 1 and ulnaris 5 Point 1). The forearm is absent. The hand is thus continuous with the humerus, which may be fairly normal (Fig. 102), but almost concealed in the thoracic wall (Fig. 103), somewhat shortened (Figs. 104 and 105), or very poorly developed (Fig. 106). The rays of the hand vary from four (Figs. 102 and 103), and three (Figs. 104 and 105), to two (Fig. 106). Point 2). The forearm is short, but the hypoplasia of the radius and that of the ulna are rarely equally pronounced (Fig. 107, radius the smaller, and Figs. 108 and 109, ulna the smaller). The hand consists of parts of rays (Fig. 110), a single ray (Figs. 107 and 108), two whole rays and a third hypo plastic one (Fig. Ill), three rays (Figs. 109 and 112), or three whole rays and a fourth hypoplastic one (Fig. 113). Point 3). A very rare deformity. The present material has only a single case. Digits 3 and 4 are syndactylized (Fig. 114). Point 4). The hypoplasia of the 3rd ray affects chiefly the metacarpal bone, which may be totally absent (Fig. 115). The proximal phalanx may be absent as well (or have coalesced with that of digit 2). There is syndac tylism of the remaining portions of digits 2 and 3 (Fig. 116). Point 5). Like point 3), only here a 2nd ray is also found, and all three digits are syndactylized (Fig. 117). Point 6). Some of the carpal bones may have coalesced (Fig. 118). The deformity varies but little in appearance (Figs. 118, 119, 120, 121), except for a tendency to syndactylism, which may cause slight variations (Figs. 122, 123, 124, 125, and 126). Point 7). This deformity is represented by a single instance only. There is absence of the 1st ray and the 5th metacarpal bone. Digits 4 and 5 have the proximal half of the proximal phalanx in common; and both digits