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  • The story of Florence Nightingale : the heroine of the Crimea / by W.J.W.
  • The story of Florence Nightingale : the heroine of the Crimea / by W.J.W.
  • The story of Florence Nightingale : the heroine of the Crimea / by W.J.W.
  • The story of Florence Nightingale : the heroine of the Crimea / by W.J.W.
  • The story of Florence Nightingale : the heroine of the Crimea / by W.J.W.
  • Manuela Sancho, a heroine in the defence of Saragossa in 1809, aged 24. Mezzotint by H. Meyer, 1811, after L. Hoppner.
  • Manuela Sancho, a heroine in the defence of Saragossa in 1809, aged 24. Mezzotint by H. Meyer, 1811, after L. Hoppner.
  • Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae Opium Poppy Distribution: Asia minor, but has been dated to 5000BC in Spanish caves. Now grows almost everywhere. The oldest medicine in continuous use, described in the Ebers' papyrus (1550 BC), called Meconium, Laudanum, Paregoric and syrup of poppies. Culpeper (1650) on Meconium '...the juyce of English Poppies boyled till it be thick' and 'I am of the opinion that Opium is nothing else but the juyce of poppies growing in hotter countries, for such Opium as Authors talk of comes from Utopia.[he means an imaginary land, I suspect]’]. He cautions 'Syrups of Poppies provoke sleep, but in that I desire they may be used with a great deal of caution and wariness...' and warns in particular about giving syrup of poppies to children to get them to sleep. The alkaloids in the sap include: Morphine 12% - affects ?-opioid receptors in the brain and causes happiness, sleepiness, pain relief, suppresses cough and causes constipation. Codeine 3% – mild opiate actions – converted to morphine in the body. Papaverine, relaxes smooth muscle spasm in arteries of heart and brain, and also for intestinal spasm, migraine and erectile dysfunction. Not analgesic. Thebaine mildly analgesic, stimulatory, is made into oxycodone and oxymorphone which are analgesics, and naloxone for treatment of opiate overdose – ?-opioid receptor competitive antagonist – it displaces morphine from ?-opioid receptors, and constipation caused by opiates. Protopine – analgesic, antihistamine so relieves pain of inflammation. Noscapine – anti-tussive (anti-cough). In 2006 the world production of opium was 6,610 metric tons, in 1906 it was over 30,000 tons when 25% of Chinese males were regular users. The Opium wars of the end of the 19th century were caused by Britain selling huge quantities of Opium to China to restore the balance of payments deficit. Laudanum: 10mg of morphine (as opium) per ml. Paregoric: camphorated opium tincture. 0.4mg morphine per ml. Gee’s Linctus: up to 60 mg in a bottle. J Collis Browne’s chlorodyne: cannabis, morphine, alcohol etc. Kaolin and Morph. - up to 60 mg in a bottle. Dover’s Powders – contained Ipecacuana and morphine. Heroin is made from morphine, but converted back into morphine in the body (Oakeley, 2012). One gram of poppy seeds contains 0.250mgm of morphine, and while one poppy seed bagel will make a urine test positive for morphine for a week, one would need 30-40 bagels to have any discernible effect. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae Opium Poppy Distribution: Asia minor, but has been dated to 5000BC in Spanish caves. Now grows almost everywhere. The oldest medicine in continuous use, described in the Ebers' papyrus (1550 BC), called Meconium, Laudanum, Paregoric and syrup of poppies. Culpeper (1650) on Meconium '...the juyce of English Poppies boyled till it be thick' and 'I am of the opinion that Opium is nothing else but the juyce of poppies growing in hotter countries, for such Opium as Authors talk of comes from Utopia [he means an imaginary land, I suspect]’. He cautions 'Syrups of Poppies provoke sleep, but in that I desire they may be used with a great deal of caution and wariness...' and warns in particular about giving syrup of poppies to children to get them to sleep. The alkaloids in the sap include: Morphine 12% - affects ?-opioid receptors in the brain and causes happiness, sleepiness, pain relief, suppresses cough and causes constipation. Codeine 3% – mild opiate actions – converted to morphine in the body. Papaverine, relaxes smooth muscle spasm in arteries of heart and brain, and also for intestinal spasm, migraine and erectile dysfunction. Not analgesic. Thebaine mildly analgesic, stimulatory, is made into oxycodone and oxymorphone which are analgesics, and naloxone for treatment of opiate overdose – ?-opioid receptor competitive antagonist – it displaces morphine from ?-opioid receptors, and reverses the constipation caused by opiates. Protopine – analgesic, antihistamine so relieves pain of inflammation. Noscapine – anti-tussive (anti-cough). In 2006 the world production of opium was 6,610 metric tons, in 1906 it was over 30,000 tons when 25% of Chinese males were regular users. The Opium wars of the end of the 19th century were caused by Britain selling huge quantities of Opium to China to restore the balance of payments deficit. Laudanum: 10mg of morphine (as opium) per ml. Paregoric: camphorated opium tincture. 0.4mg morphine per ml. Gee’s Linctus: up to 60 mg in a bottle. J Collis Browne’s chlorodyne: cannabis, morphine, alcohol etc. Kaolin and Morph. - up to 60 mg in a bottle. Dover’s Powders – contained Ipecacuana and morphine. Heroin is made from morphine, but converted back into morphine in the body (Oakeley, 2012). One gram of poppy seeds contains 0.250mgm of morphine, and while one poppy seed bagel will make a urine test positive for morphine for a week, one would need 30-40 bagels to have any discernible effect. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • A field of poppies and a white bra floating against a red sunset representing an advertisement for safe sex; German version of a series of 'Stop AIDS' campaign posters by the Federal Office of Public Health in collaboration with the AIDS-Hilfe Schweiz. Colour lithograph.
  • Ayer's cherry pectoral cures colds, coughs and all diseases of the throat and lungs / prepared by Dr. J.C. Ayer & Co.
  • Ayer's cherry pectoral cures colds, coughs and all diseases of the throat and lungs / prepared by Dr. J.C. Ayer & Co.
  • A syringe with a bottle of liquid and a warning about the dangers of medicinal and recreational drugs and AIDS; an advertisement by the State of California AIDS Education Campaign. Lithograph.
  • Martha Gunn, a Brighton bather holding a small child that she has just saved from drowning. Coloured engraving by W. Nutter, 1797, after J. Russell.
  • Two women rescuing a man from the sea off the coast of Swansea. Wood engraving by W.H., 1883, after T.R.
  • A field of poppies and a white bra floating against a red sunset representing an advertisement for safe sex; Italian version of a series of Stop AIDS campaign posters by the Federal Office of Public Health , in collaboration with the Aiuto AIDS Svizzero. Colour lithograph.
  • Grace Darling rowing out to sea in a furious storm. Colour wood engraving by E. Evans after C.J. Staniland.
  • Advertisement for Bayer drugs, 1899
  • Judith with a sword holding the head of Holofernes. Mezzotint by A. von Prenner after A. Varotari, il Padovanino, ca. 1720.
  • Judith with a sword holding the head of Holofernes. Coloured lithograph by F. Hanfstaengel after A. Varotari, il Padovanino.
  • A field of poppies and a white bra floating against a red sunset representing an advertisement for safe sex; French version of a series of 'Stop SIDA' [Stop AIDS] campaign posters by the Federal Office of Public Health , in collaboration with l'Aide Suisse contre le SIDA. Colour lithograph.
  • Judith and her maid put the head of Holofernes into a bag. Engraving by A. Smith.
  • Judith with Holofernes' head. Line engraving.
  • Judith puts the head of Holofernes into her maid's bag. Etching (?) after H. Goltzius.
  • Judith and her maid hide Holofernes' head. Woodcut.
  • Judith with Holofernes' head; her maid behind her. Line engraving after C. Allori.
  • Annie Chinery Cameron as Zuleika. Photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron, ca. 1872.
  • Annie Chinery Cameron as Zuleika. Photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron, ca. 1872.
  • Annie Chinery Cameron as Zuleika. Photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron, ca. 1872.
  • Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy) harvested.