Cooking with French cheeses / Tesco.

Cooking with Blue Brie French cheese / Tesco.

Cooking with French roulé / Tesco ... in conjunction with H.T. Webb & Co. Ltd.

French troops loading a ship for the invasion of England. Engraving by T. Cook after W. Hogarth.

Manuscript certificate documenting, in French, Cook's service to the Russian crown, signed and sealed by Pierre Comte de Lacy, Field-Marshal in the Russian army and Governor-General of Livonia.

A man asleep in a chair, having his hair or wig powdered by a male hair-dresser; a woman sits next to him and a French cook reads to him from a list; in the background a courier is stealing something from a writing desk. Engraving by J. Goldar, 1771, after Pugh.

The professed cook: or, the modern art of cookery, pastry, and confectionary, made plain and easy. Consisting of the most approved methods in the French as well as English cookery. In which the French names of all the different dishes are given and explained, whereby every bill of fare becomes intelligible and familiar. Containing I. Of soups, gravy, cullis and broths ... XXII. Ratafias, and other cordials, &c. Including a translation of Les soupers de la cour [by Menon]; with the addition of the best receipts which have ever appeared in the French or English languages, and adapted to the London markets / [B Clermont].

Cynara cardunculus L. Asteraceae. Cardoon, Globe Artichoke, Artechokes, Scolymos cinara, Cynara, Cinara. Distribution: Southern Europe and North Africa. Lyte (1576) writes that Dodoens (1552) could find no medical use for them and Galen (c.200 AD) said they were indigestible unless cooked. However, he relates that other authors recommend that if the flower heads are soaked in strong wine, they 'provoke urine and stir up lust in the body.' More prosaically, the roots boiled in wine and drunk it cause the urine to be 'stinking' and so cures smelly armpits. He adds that it strengthens the stomach so causing women to conceive Male children. He goes on to say that the young shoots boiled in broth also stir up lust in men and women, and more besides. Lyte (1576) was translating, I think with elaborations, from the chapter on Scolymos cinara, Artichaut, in Dodoen's Croydeboeck (1552) as L'Ecluse's French translation, Dodoens Histoire des Plantes (1575) does not mention these latter uses, but Dodoen's own Latin translation, the Pemptades (1583), and Gerard's Herbal (1633) both do so. It is useful in understanding the history of these translations to realise that Gerard uses, almost verbatim, the translation of the 'smelly armpit' paragraph from Lyte. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.

Cynara cardunculus L. Asteraceae. Cardoon, Globe Artichoke, Artechokes, Scolymos cinara, Cynara, Cinara. Distribution: Southern Europe and North Africa. Lyte (1576) writes that Dodoens (1552) could find no medical use for them and Galen (c.200 AD) said they were indigestible unless cooked. However he relates that other authors recommend that if the flower heads are soaked in strong wine, they 'provoke urine and stir up lust in the body.' More prosaically, the roots boiled in wine and drunk it cause the urine to be 'stinking' and so cures smelly armpits. He adds that it strengthens the stomach so causing women to conceive Male children. He goes on to say that the young shoots boiled in broth also stir up lust in men and women, and more besides. Lyte (1576) was translating, I think with elaborations, from the chapter on Scolymos cinara, Artichaut, in Dodoen's Croydeboeck (1552) as L'Ecluse's French translation (1575) does not mention these latter uses, but Dodoen's own Latin translation, the Pemptades(1583), and Gerard's (1633) both do so. It is useful in understanding the history of these translations to realise that Gerard uses, almost verbatim, the translation of the 'smelly armpit' paragraph from Lyte. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.

Tynai-Mai, a young woman from Raiatea encountered by Captain Cook on his second voyage. Engraving by J.K. Sherwin, 1777, after W. Hodges.

Premiato Pastificio "San Vincenzo" : fondato nel 1848 / Gaetano d'Apuzzo.

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