Cellular architecture of normal human skin imaged by whole mount tissue microscopy. Human skin has a rich network of white blood cells (specifically dendritic cells, T cells and macrophages) which form sheaths around blood vessels. In this image, T cells (stained for CD3; red) dendritic cells (stained for MHC class II; green) and macrophages (stained for LYVE-1; blue with some cells showing a tinge of green) can be seen. Cell nuclei have been stained with DAPI (grey). This normal cellular architecture is grossly disrupted in diseased skin (see related images). X10 magnification. Scale bar (white) represents 200 micrometres.

Toxic shock syndrome toxin

Human macrophage rupturing after infection with Chlamydia

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A

Cellular architecture of normal human skin imaged by whole mount tissue microscopy. Human skin has a rich network of white blood cells (specifically dendritic cells, T cells and macrophages) which form sheaths around blood vessels. In this image, blood vessels (string-like structures stained for CD31; red), lymphatic vessels (ribbon-like structures stained for LYVE-1; blue) and dendritic cells (stained for CD11c; green) can be seen. Macrophages (stained for LYVE-1; blue) are also present. This normal cellular architecture is grossly disrupted in diseased skin (see related images). X10 magnification. Scale bar (white) represents 200 micrometres.

Cellular architecture of normal human skin imaged by whole mount tissue microscopy. Human skin has a rich network of white blood cells (specifically dendritic cells, T cells and macrophages) which form sheaths around blood vessels (string-like structures). A network of lymphatic vessels (ribbon-like structures) is also present. In this image, human skin lymphatic vessels (stained for LYVE-1; blue) and white blood cells comprised of dendritic cells (stained for CD11c; green) and T cells (stained for CD3; red) can be seen. Some macrophages also express the protein LYVE-1 similar to lymphatic vessel cells which can be appreciated as blue cells within and in between the sheaths of white blood cells. This normal cellular architecture is grossly disrupted in diseased skin (see related images). X10 magnification. Scale bar (white) represents 200 micrometres.

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A1

Trichuris muris is a parasitic nematode affecting mice. Following ingestion, T. muris eggs hatch in the large intestine where they develop into adults. The anterior end of the worm burrows into the lining of the gut, leaving the posterior end protruding into the lumen of the gut. The worms mate in this orientation, and the resulting eggs are released in to the gut lumen and shed faecally. 

Cells interacting to cause immune response

Cellular architecture of normal human skin imaged by whole mount tissue microscopy. Human skin has a rich network of white blood cells (specifically dendritic cells, T cells and macrophages) which form sheaths around blood vessels. This image was taken less than 20 micrometres beneath the junction that joins the dermal and epidermal layers of the skin (dermo-epidermal junction). At this level, dendritic cells (stained for CD11c; green) form clusters around and between blood capillary loops (stained for CD31; red). The blind-ended tips of initial lymphatic vessels are just visible (stained for LYVE-1; blue) at this level. This normal cellular architecture is grossly disrupted in diseased skin (see related images). Scale bar (white) represents 200 micrometres.

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Molecular model of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. This is a ribonuclease found in the eosinophil granules that acts to degrade RNA. It is known to have antiviral activity but is also implicated in hypereosinophilic syndromes, asthma and allergy.

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin

T. muris is a useful model organism for studying host parasite relationships and associated immune responses as it is closely related to the human parasite T. trichuria, known as the human whipworm, which is thought to infect a quarter of the World's population. Infection is usually asymptomatic, but can cause vitamin A deficiency in children, resulting in stunted growth and developmental delay in children.


Adult worms are approximately 1 centimeter long

x, 365 pages, 1 unnumbered leaf of plates : illustrations ; 25 cm

Invertebrate immunity : mechanisms of invertebrate vector-parasite relations / edited by Karl Maramorosch, Robert E. Shope.

Molecular model of Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A1 (SpeA1) from <I>Streptococcus pyogenes</I>. This is a bacterial superantigen capable of causing toxic shock, or food poisoning if ingested.

Molecular model of the staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 protein. This bacterial superantigen has extremely strong immunostimulatory properties, cross linking MHC class II molecules with T-cell receptors to bring about cytokine production in T-cells which leads onto various shock related symptoms.

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Immune response

Images

Catalogue

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin

Invertebrate immunity : mechanisms of invertebrate vector-parasite relations / edited by Karl Maramorosch, Robert E. Shope.

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A1

Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2

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Wellcome uses cookies.

Immune response

Images

Catalogue

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin

Invertebrate immunity : mechanisms of invertebrate vector-parasite relations / edited by Karl Maramorosch, Robert E. Shope.

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A1

Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2

Wellcome Collection

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