HIV transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV integration, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Tab. 17. Woodcut diagram. La perspective curieuse...1663.

Chaperone protein

HIV assembly and budding, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Chinese diagram of human body, handwritten letter in English.

Haemoglobin

HIV translation, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Tab. 15. Woodcut diagram. La perspective curieuse...1663.

Adenovirus

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Watercolour and ink on paper illustration of HIV assembly and budding. Once additional viral RNA and proteins have been made inside an infected target cell (usually CD4 T cells, a type of white blood cell found in the immune system), they are assembled and packaged together into new virus particles (virions) ready for release. HIV Gag protein and gag-pol (red) form an ordered arrangement below the cell membrane (white/grey) capturing the HIV genome (yellow). Viral proteins Vpr and Vif (purple; lower middle) are also incorporated. The assembled virus then pinches off from the cell picking up cell membrane on the way to create the viral envelope. Width of image is approximately 100 nm.



This image forms part of a series of illustrations which capture HIV at eight different points in the viral life cycle as it infects a cell and replicates.

Molecular model from X-ray diffraction data (PDB ID: 1hys) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme (protein) which catalyses the formation of DNA from an RNA template. This process is called reverse transcription and is the reverse of normal cellular transcription (making RNA from a DNA template). These enzymes are found in retroviruses such as HIV, and are also available commercially for use in molecular biology experiments in the laboratory. In this image, viral RNA (red), newly transcribed viral DNA (purple) and the 2 chains of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme (green and blue) are visible. Width of image is approximately 12 nm.

HIV Reverse Transcriptase

Watercolour and ink on paper illustration of a cross section through the capsid (red; conical shape) from an HIV virus after it has entered a target cell (blue; usually a CD4 T cell, a type of white blood cell found in the immune system). Once inside the infected target cell the capsid protein uncoats, releasing viral RNA (yellow) and viral proteins (red and purple) into the cytoplasm of the target cell. Reverse transcriptase (purple; three of these are seen here at the centre of the image attached to viral RNA and DNA) then creates a DNA copy (green) of the HIV RNA genome (yellow), using transfer RNA (blue; two of these are seen here at the centre of the image attached to viral RNA and DNA) from the host target cell as primer. HIV nucleocapsid protein (lots of small red molecules seen here attached to viral RNA) acts as a chaperone to unfold the RNA so that it can be copied in this way. This process of making DNA from an RNA template is called reverse transcription. Width of image is approximately 100 nm.



This image forms part of a series of illustrations which capture HIV at eight different points in the viral life cycle as it infects a cell and replicates.

Reverse transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

During infection by HIV, three enzymes play essential roles in the life cycle of the virus. This image shows one of these enzymes, integrase (magenta, PDB ID 3oya), which inserts the viral DNA into the cell's DNA.

HIV enzyme integrase

Molecular model from X-ray diffraction data (PDB ID: 1aon) of a chaperone protein viewed from the side (upper) and viewed from below (lower). After protein synthesis is complete, most protein chains spontaneously fold into their final 3D structure however some proteins do not and need assistance, for example during cell stress. Chaperone proteins guide other proteins along the proper pathways for folding. Unfolded proteins may enter the cavity of the chaperone and fold up inside. Width of image is approximately 140 nm.

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HIV assembly and budding, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV Reverse Transcriptase

Reverse transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV enzyme integrase

Chaperone protein

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Diagram

Images

Works

HIV assembly and budding, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV Reverse Transcriptase

Reverse transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV enzyme integrase

Chaperone protein

Wellcome Collection

Today’s opening times